WordNet

deeply affected by a strong feeling; "sat completely still, sick with envy"; "she was sick with longing"
people who are sick; "they devote their lives to caring for the sick"
intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)
urge to attack someone; "The owner sicked his dogs on the intruders"; "the shaman sics sorcerers on the evil spirits" (同)set
normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting; "what is your role on the team?"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人が)『病気の』;(部屋などが)病人の[ための];(顔色などが)病気を示す(思わせる) / 《名詞的に》《the ~;複数扱い》病人 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《おもに英》(…で)むかついて,吐き気を催して,気分が悪い《+『at(『with』,『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)『うんざりして』,あきあきして,いや気がさして;(…に)しゃくにさわって,腹が立って《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)『がっかりして』,落胆して《+『at』(『about』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…を)熱望して,こがれて《+『for』+『名』》 / 病的な,異常心理の;気味の悪い
原文のまま(疑わしいまたは誤った原文をそのまま引用するときにつける)
…‘を'攻撃する / (…に対して)〈人・犬〉‘を'けしかける《+『名』〈人・犬〉+『on』+『名』》
(役者が演じる)『役』 / (一般に)『役割』,任務
=ti

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/05 18:51:09」(JST)

wiki en

Sick role is a term used in medical sociology regarding sickness and the rights and obligations of the affected.^[1] It is a concept created by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1951.

Concept

Parsons was a functionalist sociologist, who argued that being sick means that the sufferer enters a role of 'sanctioned deviance'. This is because, from a functionalist perspective, a sick individual is not a productive member of society. Therefore this deviance needs to be policed, which is the role of the medical profession. Genuinely, Parsons argued that the best way to understand illness sociologically is to view it as a form of deviance-which disturbs the social function of the society.

The general idea is that the individual who has fallen ill is not only physically sick, but now adheres to the specifically patterned social role of being sick. ‘Being Sick’ is not simply a ‘state of fact’ or ‘condition’, it contains within itself customary rights and obligations based on the social norms that surround it. The theory outlined two rights of a sick person and two obligations:

Rights:
- The sick person is exempt from normal social roles
- The sick person is not responsible for their condition

Obligations:
- The sick person should try to get well
- The sick person should seek technically competent help and cooperate with the medical professional

There are three versions of sick role: 1. Conditional 2. Unconditionally legitimate 3. Illegitimate role: condition that is stigmatized by others

Criticisms

Rejecting the sick role.
- This model assumes that the individual voluntarily accepts the sick role.
- Individual may not comply with expectations of the sick role, may not give up social obligations, may resist dependency, may avoid public sick role if their illness is stigmatised.
- Individual may not accept ‘passive patient’ role.

Doctor Patient relationship.
- Going to see doctor may be the end of a process of help seeking behaviour, Freidson (1970) discusses importance of 'lay referral system'- lay person consults significant lay groups first.
- This model assumes 'ideal' patient and 'ideal' doctor roles See- Murcott (1981), Sacks (1967), Bloor & Horobin (1975).
- Differential treatment of patient, and differential doctor patient relationship- variations depend on social class, gender and ethnicity. See- MacIntyre & Oldman (1984), Buchan & Richardson (1973), Sudnow (1967).

Blaming the sick.
- ‘Rights’ do not always apply.
- Sometimes individuals are held responsible for their illness, i.e. illness associated with sufferers lifestyle. (See Chalfont & Kurtz: 1971, on alcoholism).
- In stigmatised illness sufferer is often not accepted as legitimately sick.

Chronic Illness.
- Model fits acute illness (measles, appendicitis, relatively short term conditions).
- Does not fit Chronic/ long-term/permanent illness as easily, getting well not an expectation with chronic conditions such as blindness, diabetes.
- In chronic illness acting the sick role is less appropriate and less functional for both individual and social system.
- Chronically ill patients are often encouraged to be independent.

References

^ Millon, Theodore; Paul H. Blaney; Roger D. Davis (1999). Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology. Oxford University Press US. p. 446. ISBN 978-0-19-510307-6.

External links

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. うつ病の成人に対する対人関係療法（IPT）：特定の介入および手技 interpersonal psychotherapy ipt for depressed adults specific interventions and techniques
2. 成人における複合性局所疼痛症候群の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome in adults
3. 洞不全症候群の診断および評価 diagnosis and evaluation of the sick sinus syndrome
4. 洞不全症候群の症状および原因 manifestations and causes of the sick sinus syndrome
5. 洞不全症候群の治療 treatment of the sick sinus syndrome

English Journal

Mental health of carers of children affected by HIV attending community-based programmes in South Africa and Malawi.

Skeen S1, Tomlinson M, Macedo A, Croome N, Sherr L.
AIDS care.AIDS Care.2014 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S11-20. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.906559. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
There is strong evidence that both adults and children infected with and affected by HIV have high levels of mental health burden. Yet there have been few studies investigating carer mental health outcomes in the context of HIV in Malawi and South Africa. The objective of this study was to assess th
PMID 24766642

MicroRNA-144 is a circulating effector of remote ischemic preconditioning.

Li J1, Rohailla S, Gelber N, Rutka J, Sabah N, Gladstone RA, Wei C, Hu P, Kharbanda RK, Redington AN.
Basic research in cardiology.Basic Res Cardiol.2014 Sep;109(5):423. doi: 10.1007/s00395-014-0423-z. Epub 2014 Jul 25.
Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) induced by cycles of transient limb ischemia and reperfusion is a powerful cardioprotective strategy with additional pleiotropic effects. However, our understanding of its underlying mediators and mechanisms remains incomplete. We examined the role of miR-144 i
PMID 25060662

Japanese Journal

わが国における復職支援の現状と課題(勤労者のメンタルヘルスに関する予防活動-心身医学的な視点から-,2011年,第52回日本心身医学会総会ならびに学術講演会(横浜))

五十嵐良雄
心身医学 52(8), 726-733, 2012-08-01
リワークプログラムの必要性は,ひとえに休職後の復職が困難になったという現実であるが,その背景にはこの10年間に気分障害が2倍へと増え,病気の表現型も変化したことが指摘できる.現代の気分障害の特徴は疾患の軽症化と症状の非定型化によると思われ,(1)他罰性,(2)強い不安,(3)過剰な元気さ,に集約できる.このため経験のある精神科医によっても復職時期の見極めは容易ではないことより,安全な就労を継続でき …
NAID 110009479788

共働き夫婦における子どもの病気時の育児への対処

久保桂子
千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 60(-), 407-412, 2012-03
… This study examines how dual-career couples cope with the care for sick children. … Thisstudy shows that the number of couples asking the wives'relatives for support for the care of sick children wasthe highest. … The travel time to relatives'homes was positively related to the degree of asking external support for thecare of sick children. …
NAID 40019254332