WordNet

cut with shears; "shear hedges"
(physics) a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves; "the shear changed the quadrilateral into a parallelogram"
a large edge tool that cuts sheet metal by passing a blade through it
become deformed by forces tending to produce a shearing strain
cut or cut through with shears; "shear the wool off the lamb"
long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves
(used especially of fur or wool) shaped or finished by cutting or trimming to a uniform length; "a coat of sheared lamb"
having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers; "picked up the babys shorn curls from the floor"; "naked as a sheared sheep" (同)shorn
removing by cutting off or clipping
large scissors with strong blades

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈毛・羊毛など〉‘を'刈り取る,刈る,刈り込む《+『off』(『away』)+『名,』+『名』+『off』(『away』)》;(…から)…‘を'刈り取る《+『名』+『from』(『off』)+『名』》;〈羊など〉‘の'毛を刈る / 《しばしば受動態で》(…を)〈人〉‘から'はぎ取る,奪い取る《+『名』〈人〉+『of』+『名』》 / 大ばさみ,植木ばさみ
(洋裁の)端切りはさみ
『彼女は』,『彼女が』 / 《月・船・汽車・都市・国などを指して》それは,それが / 女,婦人;(動物の)雌

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/22 07:18:36」(JST)

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For similarly pronounced words, see sheer (disambiguation), Shere, or sher (disambiguation).

Look up shear in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Shear may refer to:

Shearing animals, the collection of wool from various species. Sheep shearing is most common. See the article on "Wool" for other species

Engineering

Bias (textile), in clothing design, fabric may be cut on the shear
Shear strength (soil), the shear strength of soil under loading
Shear line (locksmithing), where the inner cylinder ends and the outer cylinder begins in a cylinder lock
Shearing (manufacturing), a metalworking process which cuts stock without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting
Shearing interferometer, in optics, a simple and very common means to check the collimation of beams by observing interference
Shearing in computer graphics, more commonly called page tearing
Shear (sheet metal), various tools to shear sheet metal
Shear wall, a wall composed of braced panels to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure
Shear forming, different from conventional metal spinning in that a reduction of the wall thickness is induced

Science

Solid materials

Shear (geology), a form of fault in rocks
Shear stress in physics, refers to a stress state that will cause shearing (see verb) when it exceeds a material's shear strength
Shearing (physics), the deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another
Shear strength, shear strength

Wind/fluids

Simple shear, a special case of deformation of a fluid
Shear (fluid), in fluid dynamics, refers to the shear stresses and responses thereto in fluids
Shear rate, a gradient of velocity in a flowing material
Shear line (meteorology), an area of wind shear
Wind shear, a difference in wind speed or direction between two wind currents in the atmosphere

Mathematics/Astronomy

Cosmic shear, an effect of distortion of image of distant galaxies due to deflection of light by matter, as predicted by general relativity (see also gravitational lens)
Shear mapping, a particular type of mapping in linear algebra, also called transvection
Shear matrix in geometry, a linear transformation shearing a space

Persons

Cornelius Lott Shear, an American mycologist and plant pathologist identified by the author abbreviation Shear when citing a botanical name

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The ability of retention, drug release and rheological properties of nanogel bioadhesives based on cellulose derivatives.

Keshavarz M, Kaffashi B.Author information Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.AbstractAbstract The rheological and drug release behavior of biopolymer nanocomposite gels based on the cellulose derivatives, formulated as the bioadhesive drug delivery platforms, were investigated. The bioadhesive gel is composed of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4 at 20 °C) as the dissolution and release medium. The reinforcing nanofillers such as MMT-clay, fumed porous silica and porous starch were used as additives in the nanogel bioadhesive. The constant steady state viscosities of this nanogels upon incorporation of various nanofillers into the systems is the sign of structural stability. Hence, this system is suitable for use in the controlled drug delivery systems in contact with the biological tissues. Based on the rheological measurements, the shear flow properties (i.e. zero shear viscosity and yield stress) were influenced by the concentration of polymers and nanoparticles. The results indicate that the nonlinear rheological data are fitted properly by the Giesekus model. Furthermore, the results showed that the nonlinear viscoelastic parameters (λ and α) are highly affected by the biogel and nanoparticles concentrations. Finally, the drug release was measured, and the results indicated that the biopolymer-clay nanocomposites have appropriate release pattern as the release is better controlled compared to the other nanogel formulations.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):952-9. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.846371. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
Abstract The rheological and drug release behavior of biopolymer nanocomposite gels based on the cellulose derivatives, formulated as the bioadhesive drug delivery platforms, were investigated. The bioadhesive gel is composed of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and phos
PMID 24160773

Effect of microfluidisation on antioxidant properties of corn bran.

Wang T1, Zhu Y2, Sun X3, Raddatz J2, Zhou Z4, Chen G5.Author information 1Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; School of Food Science & Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan Road No. 1, Dalian 116034, China.2Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.3Center for Translational & Biomedical Research, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.4Center for Translational & Biomedical Research, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.5Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, NC Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA. Electronic address: gchen@ncat.edu.AbstractThe microfluidisation process was used to reduce the particle size and loosen the tight microstructure of corn bran. This process significantly increased corn bran's antioxidant activity exhibited through a surface reaction phenomenon and the extractability of phenolic compounds after alkaline and acid hydrolysis. For corn bran microfluidised through an 87μm interaction chamber for 5 passes, the two most largely increased phenolic acids released after alkaline hydrolysis were p-coumaric acid (51.1%) and ferulic acid (45.1%). On the other hand, high shear stress during microfluidisation caused partial dispersion or dissolution of free phenolic compounds in water which was lost after the process. It was also found that bran residues after alkaline and acid hydrolysis still exhibited strong antioxidant activity via a surface reaction phenomenon, probably indicating the conventional method based on solvent extraction and relatively mild alkaline and/or acid hydrolysis underestimates the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of corn bran.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 1;152:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.059. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
The microfluidisation process was used to reduce the particle size and loosen the tight microstructure of corn bran. This process significantly increased corn bran's antioxidant activity exhibited through a surface reaction phenomenon and the extractability of phenolic compounds after alkaline and a
PMID 24444904

Effect of sucrose ester concentration on the interfacial characteristics and physical properties of sodium caseinate-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions.

Zhao Q1, Liu D1, Long Z1, Yang B2, Fang M1, Kuang W1, Zhao M3.Author information 1College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.2South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China.3College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: femmzhao@scut.edu.cn.AbstractThe effect of sucrose ester (SE) concentration on interfacial tension and surface dilatational modulus of SE and sodium caseinate (NaCas)-SE solutions were investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SE was presumed to be 0.05% by measuring interfacial tension of SE solution. The interfacial tension of NaCas-SE solution decreased with increased SE concentration. A sharp increase in surface dilatational modulus of NaCas solution was observed when 0.01% SE was added and a decline was occurred at higher SE level. The influence of SE concentration on droplet size and confocal micrograph, surface protein concentration, ζ-potential and rheological properties of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions prepared with 1% NaCas was also examined. The results showed that addition of SE reduced droplet size and surface protein concentration of the O/W emulsions. The ζ-potential of the O/W emulsions increased initially and decreased afterward with increased SE concentration. All the O/W emulsions exhibited a shear-thinning behaviour and the data were well-fitted into the Herschel-Bulkley model.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 May 15;151:506-13. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.113. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
The effect of sucrose ester (SE) concentration on interfacial tension and surface dilatational modulus of SE and sodium caseinate (NaCas)-SE solutions were investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SE was presumed to be 0.05% by measuring interfacial tension of SE solution. The inter
PMID 24423563

Modeling the effect of sonication parameters on size and dispersion temperature of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) by response surface methodology (RSM).

Siddiqui A, Alayoubi A, El-Malah Y, Nazzal S.Author information College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe, LA , USA .AbstractAbstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonication time and pulse frequency on average dispersion temperature (ART), particle size and zeta potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). A two-factor, three-level response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize sonication time between 5 and 15 min and pulse frequency from 30 to 90%. SLNs made from stearyl alcohol (SA) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) blend at 1:3 ratio were prepared by applying high-shear homogenization and sonication. Pulse frequency and time were found to have a significant effect on particle size and ART. The effect of sonication parameters on zeta potential, however, was insignificant. The optimal sonication parameters for preparing 100 nm SLNs made from a SA/CTAB blend was 60% pulse frequency at 40% power for 10 min. Optimized sonication parameters were then used to investigate the effect of lipid type on SLN size and zeta potential. The mean particle sizes of SLNs made with SA, cetyl palmitate, Precirol®, Dynasan118® and Compritol® were 98, 190, 350, 350 and 280 nm, respectively. In conclusion, pulse frequency and time were found to be critical for obtaining SLNs with desirable size, whereas the stability of the SLNs was dependent on their lipid content.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 May;19(3):342-6. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.784336. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonication time and pulse frequency on average dispersion temperature (ART), particle size and zeta potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). A two-factor, three-level response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize soni
PMID 23590412