WordNet

a book of blank pages with pockets or envelopes; for organizing photographs or stamp collections etc
one or more recordings issued together; originally released on 12-inch phonograph records (usually with attractive record covers) and later on cassette audiotape and compact disc (同)record album
a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids (同)albumen
an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates (同)blood_serum

PrepTutorEJDIC

(写真・切手・切り抜きなどを貼る)『アルバム』 / (いくつかの曲・劇などを収録した)組レコード,アルバム / 画帳
アルブミン(蛋白質の一種)
リンパ液 / 血清
serial / series / sermon

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/15 01:58:05」(JST)

wiki en

Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene.^[1]^[2]^[3] Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin, are chemically similar.

Serum albumin is produced by the liver, occurs dissolved in blood plasma and is the most abundant blood protein in mammals. Albumin is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between blood vessels and body tissues; without albumin, the high pressure in the blood vessels would force more fluids out into the tissues. It also acts as a plasma carrier by non-specifically binding several hydrophobic steroid hormones and as a transport protein for hemin and fatty acids. Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful.

Function

Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones in the blood and plays a major role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume by contributing to oncotic pressure (known also as colloid osmotic pressure) of plasma.

Because smaller animals (for example rats) function at a lower blood pressure, they need less oncotic pressure to balance this, and thus need less albumin to maintain proper fluid distribution.

Synthesis

Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin.^[3]

Properties

Albumin is a globular, water-soluble, un-glycosylated serum protein of approximate molecular weight of 65,000 Daltons.

Albumin (when ionized in water at pH 7.4, as found in the body) is negatively charged. The glomerular basement membrane is also negatively charged in the body; some studies suggest that this prevents the filtration of albumin in the urine. According to this theory, that charge plays a major role in the selective exclusion of albumin from the glomerular filtrate. A defect in this property results in nephrotic syndrome leading to albumin loss in the urine. Nephrotic syndrome patients are sometimes given albumin to replace the lost albumin.

Structure

The general structure of albumin is characterized by several long α helices, this allows it to maintain a relatively static shape, something essential for regulating blood pressure.

Serum albumin contains eleven distinct binding domains for hydrophobic compounds. One hemin and six long-chain fatty acids can bind to serum albumin at the same time.^[4]

Types

Serum albumin is widely distributed in mammals.

The human version is human serum albumin.
Bovine serum albumin, or BSA, is commonly used in immunodiagnostic procedures, clinical chemistry reagents, cell culture media, protein chemistry research (including venom toxicity), and molecular biology laboratories (usually to leverage its non-specific protein binding properties).

References

^ Hawkins JW, Dugaiczyk A (1982). "The human serum albumin gene: structure of a unique locus". Gene 19 (1): 55–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(82)90188-3. PMID 6292049.
^ Harper ME, Dugaiczyk A (July 1983). "Linkage of the evolutionarily-related serum albumin and alpha-fetoprotein genes within q11-22 of human chromosome 4". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 35 (4): 565–72. PMC 1685723. PMID 6192711.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: albumin".
^ Zunszain PA, Ghuman J, Komatsu T, Tsuchida E, Curry S (July 2003). "Crystal structural analysis of human serum albumin complexed with hemin and fatty acid". BMC Struct. Biol. 3: 6. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-3-6. PMC 166163. PMID 12846933.
^ Sugio S, Kashima A, Mochizuki S, Noda M, Kobayashi K (June 1999). "Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5 A resolution". Protein Eng. 12 (6): 439–46. doi:10.1093/protein/12.6.439. PMID 10388840.

External links

RCSB Protein Data Bank : Molecule of the Month – Serum Albumin
Albumin binding prediction

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 肝臓の合成能の検査（アルブミン、凝固因子、プロトロンビン時間など） tests of the livers biosynthetic capacity eg albumin coagulation factors prothrombin time
2. 末期腎不全における栄養状態の評価 assessment of nutritional status in end stage renal disease
3. 成人における体液量減少の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of volume depletion in adults
4. 持続的なアルコール依存症患者における栄養状態 nutritional status in patients with sustained heavy alcohol use
5. イソスポーラ感染患者の臨床的マネージメント clinical management of patients with cystoisospora infection

English Journal

Stereocomplex micelle from nonlinear enantiomeric copolymers efficiently transports antineoplastic drug.

Wang J1, Shen K, Xu W, Ding J, Wang X, Liu T, Wang C, Chen X.
Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2015 Dec;10(1):907. doi: 10.1186/s11671-015-0907-2. Epub 2015 May 6.
Nanoscale polymeric micelles have attracted more and more attention as a promising nanocarrier for controlled delivery of antineoplastic drugs. Herein, the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded poly(D-lactide)-based micelle (PDM/DOX), poly(L-lactide)-based micelle (PLM/DOX), and stereocomplex micelle (SCM/DOX) f
PMID 26058504

Interaction between Z-ligustilide from Radix Angelica sinensis and human serum albumin.

Chen T1, Zhu X2, Chen Q2, Ge M2, Jia X2, Wang X2, Ge C3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 1;186:292-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.041. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Z-ligustilide (LIG), an essential oil extract from Radix Angelica sinensis, has broad pharmaceutical applications in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Interaction of LIG with the major transport protein of human blood circulation, human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated b
PMID 25976824

A simultaneous electrochemical multianalyte immunoassay of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble CD40 ligand based on reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine that directly adsorb metal ions as labels.

Yuan G1, Yu C1, Xia C1, Gao L1, Xu W1, Li W1, He J2.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Oct 15;72:237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.088. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
A simplified electrochemical multianalyte immunosensor for the simultaneous detection of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) that uses reduced graphene oxide-tetraethylene pentamine (rGO-TEPA) that directly adsorbs metal ions as labels is reported. rGO-TEPA c
PMID 25985199

Japanese Journal

Determination of the ratio between mercaptalbumin and nonmercaptalbumin by HPLC with fluorescence probe specifically binding to albumin

Ohyama Kaname,Kishikawa Naoya,Matsuo Aya,Imazato Takahiro,Ueki Yukitaka,Wada Mitsuhiro,Nakashima Kenichiro,Kuroda Naotaka
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 88, 170-173, 2014-01-25
… The DAPIM-albumin complex produces FL (λex 370. … The proposed method was applied to the measurement of HMA and HNA1 in human serum of healthy volunteers and diabetes mellitus patients. …
NAID 120005343838

A bone substitute with high affinity for vitamin D-binding protein―relationship with niche of osteoclasts

Ikeda Tohru,Kasai Michiyuki,Tatsukawa Eri,Kamitakahara Masanobu,Shibata Yasuaki,Yokoi Taishi,Nemoto Takayuki K.,Ioku Koji
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 18(1), 170-180, 2014-01
… Here, we compared serum proteins adsorbed to HHA with those adsorbed to conventional HA composed of globular-shaped particles (CHA). … The two ceramics adsorbed serum albumin and γ-globulin to similar extents, but affinity for γ-globulin was much greater than that to serum albumin. …
NAID 120005372470

3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-Mediated Decrease of Serum Thyroxine Level in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 Mice Occurs Mainly through Enhanced Accumulation of Thyroxine in the Liver

Kato Yoshihisa,Haraguchi Koichi,Onishi Mao,Ikushiro Shinichi,Endo Tetsuya,Ohta Chiho,Koga Nobuyuki,Yamada Shizuo,Degawa Masakuni
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2014
… A single intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77), a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-type polychlorinated biphenyl, led to significant decreases in the levels of serum total thyroxine (T4) and free T4 without increase in the level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone at 7 d later in both TCDD-sensitive C57BL/6 and TCDD-resistant DBA/2 mice. …
NAID 130003382126

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血清アルブミン」「plasma albumin」
拡張検索	「99mTc-human serum albumin」「131I-human serum albumin」「radio-iodinated serum albumin」「bovine serum albumin」「human serum albumin」

「血清アルブミン」

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Serum albumin family
	Structure of human serum albumin.
Identifiers
Symbol	Serum_albumin
Pfam	PF00273
Pfam clan	CL0282
InterPro	IPR014760
SMART	SM00103
PROSITE	PS51438
SCOP	1ao6
SUPERFAMILY	1ao6
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Albumin
	; PDB rendering based on 1e7h.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1AO6, 1BJ5, 1BKE, 1BM0, 1E78, 1E7A, 1E7B, 1E7C, 1E7E, 1E7F, 1E7G, 1E7H, 1E7I, 1GNI, 1GNJ, 1H9Z, 1HA2, 1HK1, 1HK2, 1HK3, 1HK4, 1HK5, 1N5U, 1O9X, 1TF0, 1UOR, 1YSX, 2BX8, 2BXA, 2BXB, 2BXC, 2BXD, 2BXE, 2BXF, 2BXG, 2BXH, 2BXI, 2BXK, 2BXL, 2BXM, 2BXN, 2BXO, 2BXP, 2BXQ, 2ESG, 2I2Z, 2I30, 2VDB, 2VUE, 2VUF, 2XSI, 2XVQ, 2XVU, 2XVV, 2XVW, 2XW0, 2XW1, 2YDF, 3A73, 3B9L, 3B9M, 3CX9, 3JQZ, 3JRY, 3LU6, 3LU7, 3LU8, 3SQJ, 3TDL, 3UIV, 4BKE, 4E99, 4EMX, 4G03, 4G04, 4HGK, 4HGM, 4IW1, 4IW2, 4K2C, 4K71, 4L8U, 4L9K, 4L9Q, 4LA0, 4LB2, 4LB9, 4N0F, 4N0U
Identifiers
Symbols	ALB ; PRO0883; PRO0903; PRO1341
External IDs	OMIM: 103600 MGI: 87991 HomoloGene: 405 ChEMBL: 3253 GeneCards: ALB Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• DNA binding; • fatty acid binding; • copper ion binding; • protein binding; • drug binding; • zinc ion binding; • toxic substance binding; • antioxidant activity; • oxygen binding; • enzyme binding; • pyridoxal phosphate binding; • chaperone binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • basement membrane; • extracellular space; • nucleus; • platelet alpha granule lumen; • protein complex; • extracellular vesicular exosome; • blood microparticle;
Biological process	• retina homeostasis; • platelet degranulation; • transport; • response to nutrient; • blood coagulation; • bile acid metabolic process; • cellular response to starvation; • response to organic substance; • bile acid and bile salt transport; • hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes; • platelet activation; • lipoprotein metabolic process; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of programmed cell death; • sodium-independent organic anion transport; • small molecule metabolic process; • positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep; • response to mercury ion; • maintenance of mitochondrion location; • transmembrane transport; • response to platinum ion;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;