WordNet

motion sickness experienced while traveling on water (同)mal de mer, naupathia
turbulent water with swells of considerable size; "heavy seas"
a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
defectiveness or unsoundness; "drugs have become a sickness they cannot cure"; "a great sickness of his judgment"

PrepTutorEJDIC

船酔い
《通例the~》《しばしば複数形で単数扱い》『海』,海洋 / 〈C〉《固有名詞につけるときはS-》(部分的に陸地に囲まれた)海,…海 / (波の状態から見た)海面,湖面,水面;(海・湖などの)波;大波,高波 / 〈U〉《the ~》船乗り(水兵)の仕事,海上生活 / 《a ~》大量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉『病気でいること』;〈C〉(個々の)『病気』 / 〈U〉吐き気(nausea)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/10 17:37:13」(JST)

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Seasickness is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo, experienced after spending time on a craft on water.^[1]

Causes

This condition is caused by the rocking motion of the craft.^[2] Most people tend to concentrate on the inner surroundings,^{[clarification needed]} or close the eyes and try to sleep. This will cease the worst effect of the disturbance.

The brain receives conflicting signals: while the eyes show a world that is still, our body, and in particular the equilibrium sensors located in our ears, send signals of a moving environment. This discordance causes the mind to send to the whole body a general alarm signal, in order to stop all activities,^{[clarification needed]} in particular the most complex of all, the digestion process.^[3]

Amelioration

Benson^[1] suggests that motion sickness should be broadly addressed through reduction of stimuli and improved ship hull design. For individuals, desensitization through gradually increasing stimuli is advocated. Cognitive-behavioral training may also lessen responses to provocative motions.

Alias

The same syndrome: interruption of digestive process, nausea, headache, vertigo, may happen in other conditions and may bear the same name, erroneously. In scuba diving, while happening deep in the sea, so called seasickness is not caused by motion sickness,^{[dubious – discuss]} but by unusual pressure, temperature, stance and medium.^{[citation needed]} Equal syndrome may be experienced hiking at high altitudes.

Remedy

Over-the-counter medications such as Cinnarizine/Stugeron and prescription medications such as dimenhydrinate,^[4] scopolamine^[5] and promethazine^[6] (as transdermal patches and tablets) are readily available. As these medications often have side effects, anyone involved in high-risk activities while at sea (such as SCUBA divers) must evaluate the risks versus the benefits.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] Promethazine is especially known to cause drowsiness, which is often counteracted by ephedrine in a combination known as "the Coast Guard cocktail."^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b Benson, Alan J. (2002). "Motion Sickness". In Kent B. Pandoff and Robert E. Burr. Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments 2. Washington, D.C.: Borden Institute. pp. 1048–1083. ISBN 978-0-16-051184-4. Retrieved 4 Dec 2012.
^ Shri Kamal Sharma (1 January 1992). Resource Utilization and Development: A Perspective Study of Madhya Pradesh, India. Northern Book Centre. pp. 1078–. ISBN 978-81-7211-032-1. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
^ Robert William Baloh; Vincente Honrubia (2001). Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System. Oxford University Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-19-513982-2. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
^ Weinstein SE, Stern RM (October 1997). "Comparison of marezine and dramamine in preventing symptoms of motion sickness". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 68 (10): 890–4. PMID 9327113.
^ Spinks AB, Wasiak J, Villanueva EV, Bernath V (July 2007). "Scopolamine (hyoscine) for preventing and treating motion sickness". In Wasiak, Jason. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 18 (3): CD002851. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002851.pub3. PMID 17636710.
^ "Phenergan information". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
^ Schwartz, Henry JC and Curley, Michael D (1986). "Transdermal Scopolamine in the Hyperbaric Environment". United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Bitterman N, Eilender E, Melamed Y (May 1991). "Hyperbaric oxygen and scopolamine". Undersea Biomedical Research 18 (3): 167–74. PMID 1853467. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Williams TH, Wilkinson AR, Davis FM, Frampton CM (March 1988). "Effects of transcutaneous scopolamine and depth on diver performance". Undersea Biomedical Research 15 (2): 89–98. PMID 3363755. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Arieli R, Shupak A, Shachal B, Shenedrey A, Ertracht O, Rashkovan G (1999). "Effect of the anti-motion-sickness medication cinnarizine on central nervous system oxygen toxicity". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 26 (2): 105–9. PMID 10372430. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ East Carolina University Department of Diving & Water Safety. "Seasickness: Information and Treatment".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 乗物酔い motion sickness
2. 小児および思春期における浮動性めまいの評価 evaluation of dizziness in children and adolescents
3. 悪心および嘔吐を呈する幼児または小児に対するアプローチ approach to the infant or child with nausea and vomiting
4. 前庭片頭痛 vestibular migraine
5. 制吐剤の特性 characteristics of antiemetic drugs

English Journal

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and habituation to seasickness.

Tal D, Hershkovitz D, Kaminski-Graif G, Wiener G, Samuel O, Shupak A.SourceMotion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Israel Naval Medical Institute, IDF Medical Corps, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: tldror1@gmail.com.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2013 Dec;124(12):2445-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.016. Epub 2013 Jun 22.
OBJECTIVE: Seasickness may impose severe limitations on the performance of ships' crew. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) assess the function of the saccule, the organ responsible for monitoring vertical linear acceleration, which has been found to be the most provocative motion
PMID 23800706

Role of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) Consumption on Serum Interleukin-6 Levels and Health Status in Populations Living in the Peruvian Central Andes over 4000 m of Altitude.

Gonzales GF, Gasco M, Lozada-Requena I.SourceLaboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430 Lima 31, Lima, Peru, gustavo.gonzales@upch.pe.
Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands).Plant Foods Hum Nutr.2013 Dec;68(4):347-51. doi: 10.1007/s11130-013-0378-5.
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is a plant that grows at over 4,000 m above sea level in the central Peruvian Andes. The hypocotyls of this plant are traditionally consumed for their nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to determine the health status based on a health related qua
PMID 23934543

Musk shrews selectively bred for motion sickness display increased anesthesia-induced vomiting.

Horn CC, Meyers K, Oberlies N.SourceBiobehavioral Medicine in Oncology Program, Univ. of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Univ. of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dept. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: chorn@pitt.edu.
Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2013 Nov 14. pii: S0031-9384(13)00385-5. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.11.002. [Epub ahead of print]
Susceptibility to motion sickness is a predictor of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and studies in humans suggest that genetic factors determine sensitivity to motion sickness. The aim of the current study was to determine if a preclinical model could be selectively bred for motion-induced emesis
PMID 24239993

Japanese Journal

Chronic Mountain Sickness

León-Velarde Fabiola,Rivera Maria,Garcia Patricia J.
ヒマラヤ学誌 : Himalayan Study Monographs 11, 158-164, 2010-05-01
… Peru is an Andean country with populated cities over 3, 500 meters above sea level. … Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and High Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension (HAPH), as different entities or together in the same subject, have been well established in the Andean region as well as in the Tibetan and Qinghai regions. …
NAID 120005466158

1A1-G24 海中監視センサネットワークのためのセンサノードの開発

小林卓史,川端邦明,武村史朗,佐藤秀夫,鈴木剛
ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集 2010, "1A1-G24(1)"-"1A1-G24(2)", 2010
… In the present situation, coastal environment monitoring tasks (like coral reef and so on) are being done by the divers (human experts).However, for executing such monitoring tasks, there are critical problems like the limitation of diving time, decompression sickness and the accidents by the hazardous environment. … Such system leads to make the diver's burden reduce and also is useful for on-demand or online monitoring at multiple points on the sea. …
NAID 110008741270

Chelex-100キレート樹脂を用いる前処理と誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法による日本近海及び太平洋の海水中インジウムの定量

宮崎章,木村明,田尾博明
分析化学 57(7), 555-561, 2008-07-05
… In is toxic and causes the sickness and vomiting in the case of oral intake. … Thus, the determination of In in sea water is important since In is accumulated in marine creatures and is finally taken into human beings. … ^<115>In was used for a measurement by MS, and a high background signal was observed when the eluent was heated with hydrochloric acid to vaporize the ammonium ion so as to remove the interference by magnesium and calcium in sea-water samples. …
NAID 110006825849