WordNet

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral
any wingless bloodsucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap
French writer known for works concerning womens rights and independence (1804-1876) (同)George Sand, Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin, Baroness Dudevant

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〈U〉『砂』 / 《複数形で》砂地,砂浜,砂漠 / 《複数形で》時刻,時間 / …‘を'砂(紙やすり)で磨く《+『down』+『名,』+『名』+『down』》 / 〈道路など〉‘に'砂をまく
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/14 05:30:42」(JST)

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1. 昆虫咬傷 insect bites
2. 帰国者の皮膚病変 skin lesions in the returning traveler
3. 皮膚リーシュマニア症の疫学およびマネージメント epidemiology and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis
4. その他の紅斑熱群リケッチア感染 other spotted fever group rickettsial infections
5. Diseases potentially acquired by travel to South Asia

English Journal

Regression of severe tungiasis-associated morbidity after prevention of re-infestation: a case series from rural Madagascar.

Thielecke M, Raharimanga V, Stauss-Grabo M, Rogier C, Richard V, Feldmeier H.Author information Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Faculty of Medicine, Mainz University, Mainz, Germany.AbstractTungiasis (sand flea disease) is a neglected tropical disease. Heavy infestation results in mutilation of the feet and difficulty in walking. We identified eight individuals with extremely severe tungiasis in rural Madagascar. To prevent reinfestation, four individuals received solid shoes and four received a daily application of an herbal repellent effective against Tunga penetrans. Over a period of 10 weeks the feet were examined and the severity of tungiasis-associated morbidity was measured. Within this period, the severity score for acute tungiasis decreased 41% in the shoe group and 89% in the repellent group. The four major inflammation-related symptoms disappeared in the four patients of the repellent group, but only in two patients of the shoe group. Those observations indicate that cases with extremely severe tungiasis, associated morbidity almost totally disappears within 10 weeks if the feet are protected by a repellent. Wearing shoes reduced acute morbidity only marginally.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.Am J Trop Med Hyg.2013 Nov;89(5):932-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0244. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
Tungiasis (sand flea disease) is a neglected tropical disease. Heavy infestation results in mutilation of the feet and difficulty in walking. We identified eight individuals with extremely severe tungiasis in rural Madagascar. To prevent reinfestation, four individuals received solid shoes and four
PMID 24043689

The fate of the embedded virgin sand flea Tunga penetrans: Hypothesis, self-experimentation and photographic sequence.

Thielecke M, Feldmeier H.Author information Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin, Germany.AbstractWe describe the morphological development of a single penetrated female sand flea (Tunga penetrans) in a medical expatriate working in Madagascar. The embedded parasite developed abnormally in two aspects. First, it lived twice as long as usually. Second, it did not expel a single egg during a period of two months. We explain these abnormalities by the fact that the female sand flea remained virgin after the penetration into the skin and, therefore, mature eggs did not develop. Our observations are seminal findings in a long dispute between entomologists and suggest that normally the fertilization of a female sand flea takes place on-host when it is already embedded in the epidermis. We conclude that a single sand flea lesion in a traveller may develop in a different way as compared to parasites penetrating into the skin of inhabitants living in endemic areas.
Travel medicine and infectious disease.Travel Med Infect Dis.2013 Nov-Dec;11(6):440-3. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.10.012. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
We describe the morphological development of a single penetrated female sand flea (Tunga penetrans) in a medical expatriate working in Madagascar. The embedded parasite developed abnormally in two aspects. First, it lived twice as long as usually. Second, it did not expel a single egg during a perio
PMID 24225219

Japanese Journal

自治医科大学医動物学教室で4年間(2007-2010)に経験した寄生虫・衛生動物関連症例の検討

松岡裕之,山本大介,早川枝李 [他],諏合輝子,佐野元市郎,平井誠,吉田栄人
自治医科大学紀要 34, 117-128, 2012-03-01
自治医科大学医動物学部門で4年間(2007-2010)に照会を受けた,寄生虫・衛生動物関連症例について検討を行なった。照会総件数は95件で,学内から34件(35.8%),学外から61件(64.2%)であった。うち実際に寄生虫の感染があった症例は27件であった。頻度の高かった疾患は,日本海裂頭条虫症13例,マラリア4例などであった。過去に照会数が多かった回虫症の照会は1例もなかった。いままで日本国内 …
NAID 110008922665

Imported tungiasis in a Japanese student returning from East Africa

YOTSU Rie R.,TAMAKI Takeshi,UJIIE Mugen,TAKESHITA Nozomi,KANAGAWA Shuzo,KUDO Koichiro,HAYASHI Toshihiko
Journal of dermatology 38(2), 185-189, 2011-02-01
NAID 10029330406