WordNet

any of a group of non-arboviruses including the rotavirus causing infant enteritis

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/18 00:32:48」(JST)

wiki en

Reoviridae is a family of viruses that can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as Rotavirus) and respiratory tract. Viruses in the family Reoviridae have genomes consisting of segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).^[1] The name "Reoviridae" is derived from respiratory enteric orphan viruses.^[2] The term "orphan virus" means that a virus that is not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the Reoviridae family have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.

Reovirus infection occurs often in humans, but most cases are mild or subclinical. Rotavirus, however, can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal distress in children. The virus can be readily detected in feces, and may also be recovered from pharyngeal or nasal secretions, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Despite the ease of finding Reovirus in clinical specimens, their role in human disease or treatment is still uncertain.

Some viruses of this family infect plants. For example, Phytoreovirus and Oryzavirus.

Structure

Reoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid (T-13) composed of an outer and inner protein shell.^[2] The genomes of viruses in Reoviridae contain 10–12 segments which are grouped into three categories corresponding to their size: L (large), M (medium) and S (small). Segments range from about 3.9 to 1 kbp and each segment encodes 1–3 proteins. Reoviridae proteins are denoted by the Greek character corresponding to the segment it was translated from (the L segment encodes for λ proteins, the M segment encodes for μ proteins and the S segment encodes for σ proteins).^[2]

Since these viruses have dsRNA genomes, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into (+)-RNAs. The virus can enter the host cell via a receptor on the cell surface. The receptor is not known but is thought to include sialic acid and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs).^[3] The virus is partially uncoated by proteases in the endolysosome, where the capsid is partially digested to allow further cell entry. The core particle then enters the cytoplasm by a yet unknown process where the genome is transcribed conservatively causing an excess of (+) sense strands, which are used as mRNA templates to synthesize (−) sense strands. Viral particles begin to assemble in the cytoplasm 6–7 hours after infection.

Multiplicity reactivation

Multiplicity reactivation (MR) is the process by which 2 or more virus genomes, each containing inactivating genome damage, can interact within an infected cell to form a viable virus genome. McClain and Spendlove^[4] demonstrated MR for three types of reovirus after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. In their experiments, reovirus particles were exposed to doses of UV-light that would be lethal in single infections. However, when two or more inactivated viruses were allowed to infect individual host cells MR occurred and viable progeny were produced. As they stated, multiplicity reactivation by definition involves some type of repair. Michod et al.^[5] reviewed numerous examples of MR in different viruses, and suggested that MR is a common form of sexual interaction in viruses that provides the benefit of recombinational repair of genome damages.

Genera and type species

Fifteen genera of the Reoviridae are known and the largest of these genera is the Orbivirus with 22 species and 13 unassigned viruses.

The Reoviridae are divided based on the presence of a "turret" protein on the inner capsid.^[6]^[7]

As of July 2009, ratified by the ICTV, there are two subfamilies; Sedoreovirinae & Spinareovirinae in the family Reoviridae.^[8]

"The name Spinareovirinae will be used to identify the subfamily containing the spiked or turreted viruses and is derived from ‘reovirus’ and the Latin word ‘spina’ as a prefix, which means spike, denoting the presence of spikes or turrets on the surface of the core particles. The term ‘spiked’ is an alternative to ‘turreted’, that was used in early research to describe the structure of the particle, particularly with the cypoviruses. The name Sedoreovirinae will be used to identify the subfamily containing the non-turreted virus genera and is derived from ‘reovirus’ and the Latin word ‘sedo’, which means smooth, denoting the absence of spikes or turrets from the core particles of these viruses, which have a relatively smooth morphology."^[9]

Phylogenetic comparison of the viral polymerase protein sequences of viruses of the family Reoviridae. Arrow indicates a common phylogenetic origin between seadornaviruses and rotaviruses.

The subfamily Sedoreovirinae contains 6 genera:

Cardoreovirus
Mimoreovirus
Orbivirus
Phytoreovirus
Rotavirus
Seadornavirus

The subfamily Spinareovirinae contains 9 genera:

Aquareovirus
Coltivirus
Cypovirus
Dinovernavirus
Fijivirus
Idnoreovirus
Mycoreovirus
Orthoreovirus
Oryzavirus

Proposed genera:

Crabreovirus^[10]

Piscine reovirus belongs to an as yet classified genus in the subfamily Spinareovirinae.^[11]

Therapeutic applications

The reoviruses have been demonstrated to have oncolytic (cancer-killing) properties, encouraging the development of reovirus-based therapies for cancer treatment.^[12]^[13]

Reolysin is a formulation of reovirus that is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers.^[14]

References

^ Patton JT (editor). (2008). Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. isbn = 978-1-904455-21-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c MicrobiologyBytes—Reoviruses
^ Barton, ES; Forrest, JC, Connolly, JL, Chappell, JD, Liu, Y, Schnell, FJ, Nusrat, A, Parkos, CA, Dermody, TS (Feb 9, 2001). "Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus.". Cell 104 (3): 441–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00231-8. PMID 11239401. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ McClain ME, Spendlove RS (November 1966). "Multiplicity reactivation of reovirus particles after exposure to ultraviolet light". J. Bacteriol. 92 (5): 1422–9. PMC 276440. PMID 5924273.
^ Michod, R. E.; Bernstein, H.; Nedelcu, A. M. (2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.
^ Hill, Claire, Booth T et al. (1999). "The structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsRNA viruses". Nature Structural Biology 6 (6): 565–9. doi:10.1038/9347. PMID 10360362.
^ Knipe, David, Howley P et al. (2006). Fields Virology. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1855. ISBN 0-7817-6060-7.
^ Carstens, E. B. (January 2010). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2009)". Archives of Virology 155 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0547-x. PMID 19960211.
^ Attoui, Houssam; Mertens, Peter. "Template for Taxonomic Proposal to the ICTV Executive Committee To create a new SubFamily in an existing Family". 2007.127-129V.v2.Spina-Sedoreovirinae. ICTV. pp. 1–9.
^ Deng, X. X.; Lü, L.; Ou, Y. J.; Su, H. J.; Li, G.; Guo, Z. X.; Zhang, R.; Zheng, P. R.; Chen, Y. G.; He, J. G.; Weng, S. P. (2012). "Sequence analysis of 12 genome segments of mud crab reovirus (MCRV)". Virology 422 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.029. PMID 22088215.
^ Kibenge MJ, Iwamoto T, Wang Y, Morton A, Godoy MG, Kibenge FS (2013). "Whole-genome analysis of piscine reovirus (PRV) shows PRV represents a new genus in family Reoviridae and its genome segment S1 sequences group it into two separate sub-genotypes". Virol. J. 10: 230. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-230. PMC 3711887. PMID 23844948.
^ Lal R, Harris D, Postel-Vinay S, de Bono J (October 2009). "Reovirus: Rationale and clinical trial update". Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 11 (5): 532–9. PMID 19806501.
^ Kelland, K. (13 June 2012). "Cold virus hitches a ride to kill cancer: study". Reuters. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
^ Thirukkumaran C, Morris DG (2009). "Oncolytic viral therapy using reovirus". Methods Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology 542: 607–34. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_31. ISBN 978-1-934115-85-5. PMID 19565924.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Reoviridae

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reoviridae.

Viralzone: Reoviridae
ICTV: Reoviridae
Description of plant viruses: Reoviridae
ViPR: Reoviridae
"Reoviridae". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 10880.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 肝内胆管の消失および胆管消失症候群 hepatic ductopenia and vanishing bile duct syndrome
2. コーガン症候群 cogans syndrome
3. 胆嚢嚢胞 biliary cysts
4. 胆道閉鎖症 biliary atresia
5. 免疫グロブリンの静脈内投与：副作用 intravenous immune globulin adverse effects

English Journal

Cytotoxic and immune-mediated killing of human colorectal cancer by reovirus-loaded blood and liver mononuclear cells.

Adair RA, Scott KJ, Fraser S, Errington-Mais F, Pandha H, Coffey M, Selby P, Cook GP, Vile R, Harrington KJ, Toogood G, Melcher AA.SourceLeeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 May 15;132(10):2327-38. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27918. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
Reovirus is a promising oncolytic virus, acting by both direct and immune-mediated mechanisms, although its potential may be limited by inactivation after systemic delivery. Our study addressed whether systemically delivered reovirus might be shielded from neutralising antibodies by cell carriage an
PMID 23114986

Genomic sequence comparison, promoter activity, SNP detection of RIG-I gene and association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Wan Q, Su J, Chen X, Yang C, Chen L, Yan N, Zhang Y.SourceCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2013 Apr;39(4):333-42. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.12.004. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
As an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is responsible for detection of nucleic acids from pathogens in infected cells and activation of type I interferon (IFN). In the present study, the 5'-flanking region, introns and single nucleotide polymor
PMID 23276879

Laboratory evaluation of sample collection methods (organs vs swabs) for Tasmanian salmon reovirus detection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Zainathan SC, Carson J, Crane MS, Nowak BF.SourceNational Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability (NCMCRS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Launceston, Tas., Australia.
Journal of fish diseases.J Fish Dis.2013 Apr;36(4):427-36. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12012. Epub 2012 Nov 5.
The use of swabs relative to organs as a sample collection method for the detection of Tasmanian salmon reovirus (TSRV) in farmed Tasmanian Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Evaluation of individual and pooled sample collection (organs vs swabs) was carried out to determine
PMID 23121165

Japanese Journal

ウイルス感染症レオウイルス (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・3)その数値をどう読むか) -- (免疫学的検査感染症関連検査(抗原および抗体を含む))

水谷哲也
日本臨床 68(-) (980), 410-413, 2010-06
NAID 40017181797

サマーフラウンダー稚魚にみられたレオウイルス様ウイルス感染症

和田新平,倉田修,畑井喜司雄,NOGA Edward J.,DYKSTRA Michael J.,BURKE John S.
魚病研究 44(3), 151-153, 2009-09-15
NAID 10026105780

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「レオウイルス」「respiratory enteric orphan virus」
拡張検索	「aquareovirus」「reovirus infection」「mammalian orthoreovirus」「orthoreovirus」

「レオウイルス」

Reoviruses
	Intact double-shelled Rotavirus particles
Virus classification
Group:	Group III (dsRNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Reoviridae
Subfamilies
	Sedoreovirinae; Spinareovirinae;

　　[★]

英: reovirus、respiratory enteric orphan virus, REO virus
関: アクアレオウイルス、レオウイルス科、細胞質多角体病ウイルス、ウイルス

「respiratory enteric orphan virus」

　　[★]

レオウイルス

関: aquareovirus、cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus、Reoviridae、reovirus

「aquareovirus」

　　[★]

アクアレオウイルス

関: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus、Reoviridae、respiratory enteric orphan virus

「reovirus infection」

　　[★]

レオウイルス感染症、レオウイルス感染

関: Reoviridae infection

「mammalian orthoreovirus」

　　[★]

哺乳類オルトレオウイルス

「orthoreovirus」

　　[★]

オルトレオウイルス

[Pattonrnav-1] Patton JT (editor). (2008). Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. isbn = 978-1-904455-21-9.

[MicrobiologyBytes-2] MicrobiologyBytes—Reoviruses

[3] Barton, ES; Forrest, JC, Connolly, JL, Chappell, JD, Liu, Y, Schnell, FJ, Nusrat, A, Parkos, CA, Dermody, TS (Feb 9, 2001). "Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus.". Cell 104 (3): 441–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00231-8. PMID 11239401. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[4] McClain ME, Spendlove RS (November 1966). "Multiplicity reactivation of reovirus particles after exposure to ultraviolet light". J. Bacteriol. 92 (5): 1422–9. PMC 276440. PMID 5924273.

[5] Michod, R. E.; Bernstein, H.; Nedelcu, A. M. (2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.

[6] Hill, Claire, Booth T et al. (1999). "The structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsRNA viruses". Nature Structural Biology 6 (6): 565–9. doi:10.1038/9347. PMID 10360362.

[7] Knipe, David, Howley P et al. (2006). Fields Virology. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1855. ISBN 0-7817-6060-7.

[8] Carstens, E. B. (January 2010). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2009)". Archives of Virology 155 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0547-x. PMID 19960211.

[9] Attoui, Houssam; Mertens, Peter. "Template for Taxonomic Proposal to the ICTV Executive Committee To create a new SubFamily in an existing Family". 2007.127-129V.v2.Spina-Sedoreovirinae. ICTV. pp. 1–9.

[Deng2011-10] Deng, X. X.; Lü, L.; Ou, Y. J.; Su, H. J.; Li, G.; Guo, Z. X.; Zhang, R.; Zheng, P. R.; Chen, Y. G.; He, J. G.; Weng, S. P. (2012). "Sequence analysis of 12 genome segments of mud crab reovirus (MCRV)". Virology 422 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.029. PMID 22088215.

[Kibenge2013-11] Kibenge MJ, Iwamoto T, Wang Y, Morton A, Godoy MG, Kibenge FS (2013). "Whole-genome analysis of piscine reovirus (PRV) shows PRV represents a new genus in family Reoviridae and its genome segment S1 sequences group it into two separate sub-genotypes". Virol. J. 10: 230. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-230. PMC 3711887. PMID 23844948.

[pmid19806501-12] Lal R, Harris D, Postel-Vinay S, de Bono J (October 2009). "Reovirus: Rationale and clinical trial update". Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 11 (5): 532–9. PMID 19806501.

[13] Kelland, K. (13 June 2012). "Cold virus hitches a ride to kill cancer: study". Reuters. Retrieved 17 June 2012.

[pmid19565924-14] Thirukkumaran C, Morris DG (2009). "Oncolytic viral therapy using reovirus". Methods Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology 542: 607–34. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_31. ISBN 978-1-934115-85-5. PMID 19565924.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

reovirus