関: aquareovirus、cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus、respiratory enteric orphan virus

WordNet

a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/18 22:32:00」(JST)

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Reoviridae is a family of viruses that can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as Rotavirus) and respiratory tract. Viruses in the family Reoviridae have genomes consisting of segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).^[1] The name "Reo-" is derived from respiratory enteric orphan viruses.^[2] The term "orphan virus" means that a virus that is not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the Reoviridae family have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.

Reovirus infection occurs often in humans, but most cases are mild or subclinical. Rotavirus, however, can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal distress in children. The virus can be readily detected in feces, and may also be recovered from pharyngeal or nasal secretions, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Despite the ease of finding Reovirus in clinical specimens, their role in human disease or treatment is still uncertain.

Some viruses of this family infect plants. For example, Phytoreovirus and Oryzavirus.

Structure

Reoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid (T-13) composed of an outer and inner protein shell.^[2] The genomes of viruses in Reoviridae contain 10–12 segments which are grouped into three categories corresponding to their size: L (large), M (medium) and S (small). Segments range from about 3.9 to 1 kbp and each segment encodes 1–3 proteins. Reoviridae proteins are denoted by the Greek character corresponding to the segment it was translated from (the L segment encodes for λ proteins, the M segment encodes for μ proteins and the S segment encodes for σ proteins).^[2]

Since these viruses have dsRNA genomes, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into (+)-RNAs. The virus can enter the host cell via a receptor on the cell surface. The receptor is not known but is thought to include sialic acid and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs).^[3] The virus is partially uncoated by proteases in the endolysosome, where the capsid is partially digested to allow further cell entry. The core particle then enters the cytoplasm by a yet unknown process where the genome is transcribed conservatively causing an excess of (+) sense strands, which are used as mRNA templates to synthesize (−) sense strands. Viral particles begin to assemble in the cytoplasm 6–7 hours after infection.

Multiplicity reactivation

Multiplicity reactivation (MR) is the process by which 2 or more virus genomes, each containing inactivating genome damage, can interact within an infected cell to form a viable virus genome. McClain and Spendlove^[4] demonstrated MR for three types of reovirus after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. In their experiments, reovirus particles were exposed to doses of UV-light that would be lethal in single infections. However, when two or more inactivated viruses were allowed to infect individual host cells MR occurred and viable progeny were produced. As they stated, multiplicity reactivation by definition involves some type of repair. Michod et al.^[5] reviewed numerous examples of MR in different viruses, and suggested that MR is a common form of sexual interaction in viruses that provides the benefit of recombinational repair of genome damages.

Genera and type species

Fifteen genera of the Reoviridae are known and the largest of these genera is the Orbivirus with 22 species and 13 unassigned viruses.

The Reoviridae are divided based on the presence of a "turret" protein on the inner capsid.^[6]^[7]

As of July 2009, ratified by the ICTV, there are two subfamilies; Sedoreovirinae & Spinareovirinae in the family Reoviridae.^[8]

"The name Spinareovirinae will be used to identify the subfamily containing the spiked or turreted viruses and is derived from ‘reovirus’ and the Latin word ‘spina’ as a prefix, which means spike, denoting the presence of spikes or turrets on the surface of the core particles. The term ‘spiked’ is an alternative to ‘turreted’, that was used in early research to describe the structure of the particle, particularly with the cypoviruses. The name Sedoreovirinae will be used to identify the subfamily containing the non-turreted virus genera and is derived from ‘reovirus’ and the Latin word ‘sedo’, which means smooth, denoting the absence of spikes or turrets from the core particles of these viruses, which have a relatively smooth morphology."^[9]

Phylogenetic comparison of the viral polymerase protein sequences of viruses of the family Reoviridae. Arrow indicates a common phylogenetic origin between seadornaviruses and rotaviruses.

The subfamily Sedoreovirinae contains 6 genera:

Cardoreovirus
Mimoreovirus
Orbivirus
Phytoreovirus
Rotavirus
Seadornavirus

The subfamily Spinareovirinae contains 9 genera:

Aquareovirus
Coltivirus
Cypovirus
Dinovernavirus
Fijivirus
Idnoreovirus
Mycoreovirus
Orthoreovirus
Oryzavirus

Proposed genera:

Crabreovirus^[10]

Piscine reovirus belongs to an as yet classified genus in the subfamily Spinareovirinae.^[11]

Therapeutic applications

The reoviruses have been demonstrated to have oncolytic (cancer-killing) properties, encouraging the development of reovirus-based therapies for cancer treatment.^[12]^[13]

Reolysin is a formulation of reovirus that is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers.^[14]

References

^ Patton JT (editor). (2008). Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. isbn = 978-1-904455-21-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c MicrobiologyBytes—Reoviruses
^ Barton, ES; Forrest, JC, Connolly, JL, Chappell, JD, Liu, Y, Schnell, FJ, Nusrat, A, Parkos, CA, Dermody, TS (Feb 9, 2001). "Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus.". Cell 104 (3): 441–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00231-8. PMID 11239401. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ McClain ME, Spendlove RS (November 1966). "Multiplicity reactivation of reovirus particles after exposure to ultraviolet light". J. Bacteriol. 92 (5): 1422–9. PMC 276440. PMID 5924273.
^ Michod, R. E.; Bernstein, H.; Nedelcu, A. M. (2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.
^ Hill, Claire, Booth T et al. (1999). "The structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsRNA viruses". Nature Structural Biology 6 (6): 565–9. doi:10.1038/9347. PMID 10360362.
^ Knipe, David, Howley P et al. (2006). Fields Virology. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1855. ISBN 0-7817-6060-7.
^ Carstens, E. B. (January 2010). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2009)". Archives of Virology 155 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0547-x. PMID 19960211.
^ Attoui, Houssam; Mertens, Peter. "Template for Taxonomic Proposal to the ICTV Executive Committee To create a new SubFamily in an existing Family". 2007.127-129V.v2.Spina-Sedoreovirinae. ICTV. pp. 1–9. Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Deng, X. X.; Lü, L.; Ou, Y. J.; Su, H. J.; Li, G.; Guo, Z. X.; Zhang, R.; Zheng, P. R.; Chen, Y. G.; He, J. G.; Weng, S. P. (2012). "Sequence analysis of 12 genome segments of mud crab reovirus (MCRV)". Virology 422 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.029. PMID 22088215.
^ Kibenge MJ, Iwamoto T, Wang Y, Morton A, Godoy MG, Kibenge FS (2013). "Whole-genome analysis of piscine reovirus (PRV) shows PRV represents a new genus in family Reoviridae and its genome segment S1 sequences group it into two separate sub-genotypes". Virol. J. 10: 230. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-230. PMC 3711887. PMID 23844948.
^ Lal R, Harris D, Postel-Vinay S, de Bono J (October 2009). "Reovirus: Rationale and clinical trial update". Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 11 (5): 532–9. PMID 19806501.
^ Kelland, K. (13 June 2012). "Cold virus hitches a ride to kill cancer: study". Reuters. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
^ Thirukkumaran C, Morris DG (2009). "Oncolytic viral therapy using reovirus". Methods Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology 542: 607–34. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_31. ISBN 978-1-934115-85-5. PMID 19565924.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Reoviridae

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reoviridae.

Viralzone: Reoviridae
ICTV: Reoviridae
Description of plant viruses: Reoviridae
ViPR: Reoviridae
"Reoviridae". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 10880.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 節足動物媒介性脳炎 arthropod borne encephalitides
2. 新生児集中治療室における院内ウイルス感染症 nosocomial viral infections in the neonatal intensive care unit
3. 乳児へのロタウイルスワクチン接種 rotavirus vaccines for infants

English Journal

Development of a reverse genetics system for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and evaluation of novel strains containing duplicative gene rearrangements.

Yang T1, Zhang J1, Xu Q1, Sun E1, Li J1, Lv S1, Feng Y1, Zhang Q1, Wang H1, Wang H1, Wu D1.
The Journal of general virology.J Gen Virol.2015 May 21. pii: vir.0.000192. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000192. [Epub ahead of print]
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a non-contagious infectious viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). EHDV belongs to genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae and is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. The impact of EHD
PMID 25998915

P5-2 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus is a non-structural protein targeted to chloroplasts.

Liu XY1, Yang J, Xie L, Li J, Song XJ, Chen JP, Zhang HM.
Archives of virology.Arch Virol.2015 May;160(5):1211-7. doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2382-6. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
The genome segment S5 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae) is functionally bicistronic in infected plants. It has a conserved second ORF (P5-2) partially overlapping the major ORF in a different reading frame, but its function remains unknown. P5-2 was detected in
PMID 25749897

Silencing the alarms: Innate immune antagonism by rotavirus NSP1 and VP3.

Morelli M1, Ogden KM1, Patton JT2.
Virology.Virology.2015 May;479-480C:75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
The innate immune response involves a broad array of pathogen sensors that stimulate the production of interferons (IFNs) to induce an antiviral state. Rotavirus, a significant cause of childhood gastroenteritis and a member of the Reoviridae family of segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses, encodes
PMID 25724417

Japanese Journal

多様性に満ちた菌類の2本鎖RNAウイルス

ウイルス 64(2), 225-238, 2014
NAID 130005103368

植物に感染するレオウイルス

ウイルス 64(2), 213-224, 2014
NAID 130005103367

オルビウイルスの初期複製とVP6タンパク質の機能解析

ウイルス 64(2), 203-212, 2014
NAID 130005103366

「レオウイルス科」

Reoviruses
	Intact double-shelled Rotavirus particles
Virus classification
Group:	Group III (dsRNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Reoviridae
Subfamilies
	Sedoreovirinae; Spinareovirinae;

　　[★]

英: Reoviridae
関: ウイルス

RNAウイルス
RNAウイルスの中で唯一ゲノムが二本鎖RNAである

「aquareovirus」

　　[★]

アクアレオウイルス

関: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus、Reoviridae、respiratory enteric orphan virus

「cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus」

　　[★]

細胞質多角体病ウイルス

関: aquareovirus、CPV、Reoviridae、respiratory enteric orphan virus

「respiratory enteric orphan virus」

　　[★]

レオウイルス

関: aquareovirus、cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus、Reoviridae、reovirus

「Reoviridae infection」

　　[★]

レオウイルス科感染症、レオウイルス感染症

関: reovirus infection

[Pattonrnav-1] Patton JT (editor). (2008). Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. isbn = 978-1-904455-21-9.

[MicrobiologyBytes-2] MicrobiologyBytes—Reoviruses

[3] Barton, ES; Forrest, JC, Connolly, JL, Chappell, JD, Liu, Y, Schnell, FJ, Nusrat, A, Parkos, CA, Dermody, TS (Feb 9, 2001). "Junction adhesion molecule is a receptor for reovirus.". Cell 104 (3): 441–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00231-8. PMID 11239401. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[4] McClain ME, Spendlove RS (November 1966). "Multiplicity reactivation of reovirus particles after exposure to ultraviolet light". J. Bacteriol. 92 (5): 1422–9. PMC 276440. PMID 5924273.

[5] Michod, R. E.; Bernstein, H.; Nedelcu, A. M. (2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (3): 267–285. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.

[6] Hill, Claire, Booth T et al. (1999). "The structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsRNA viruses". Nature Structural Biology 6 (6): 565–9. doi:10.1038/9347. PMID 10360362.

[7] Knipe, David, Howley P et al. (2006). Fields Virology. Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1855. ISBN 0-7817-6060-7.

[8] Carstens, E. B. (January 2010). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2009)". Archives of Virology 155 (1): 133–146. doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0547-x. PMID 19960211.

[9] Attoui, Houssam; Mertens, Peter. "Template for Taxonomic Proposal to the ICTV Executive Committee To create a new SubFamily in an existing Family". 2007.127-129V.v2.Spina-Sedoreovirinae. ICTV. pp. 1–9. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[Deng2011-10] Deng, X. X.; Lü, L.; Ou, Y. J.; Su, H. J.; Li, G.; Guo, Z. X.; Zhang, R.; Zheng, P. R.; Chen, Y. G.; He, J. G.; Weng, S. P. (2012). "Sequence analysis of 12 genome segments of mud crab reovirus (MCRV)". Virology 422 (2): 185–194. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.029. PMID 22088215.

[Kibenge2013-11] Kibenge MJ, Iwamoto T, Wang Y, Morton A, Godoy MG, Kibenge FS (2013). "Whole-genome analysis of piscine reovirus (PRV) shows PRV represents a new genus in family Reoviridae and its genome segment S1 sequences group it into two separate sub-genotypes". Virol. J. 10: 230. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-230. PMC 3711887. PMID 23844948.

[pmid19806501-12] Lal R, Harris D, Postel-Vinay S, de Bono J (October 2009). "Reovirus: Rationale and clinical trial update". Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 11 (5): 532–9. PMID 19806501.

[13] Kelland, K. (13 June 2012). "Cold virus hitches a ride to kill cancer: study". Reuters. Retrieved 17 June 2012.

[pmid19565924-14] Thirukkumaran C, Morris DG (2009). "Oncolytic viral therapy using reovirus". Methods Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology 542: 607–34. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_31. ISBN 978-1-934115-85-5. PMID 19565924.

リンク元	「レオウイルス科」「aquareovirus」「cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus」「respiratory enteric orphan virus」
拡張検索	「Reoviridae infection」

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案内

Reoviridae