WordNet

plant by the roots
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
a number that, when multiplied by itself some number of times, equals a given number
cause to take roots
take root and begin to grow; "this plant roots quickly"
(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem" (同)root word, base, stem, theme, radical
the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jaw and serves as support (同)tooth_root
come into existence, originate; "The problem roots in her depression"
(anatomy) a small structure resembling a rootlet (such as a fibril of a nerve)

PrepTutorEJDIC

《しばしば複数形で》『根』 / 『根元』 / 《the~》『根源』,根本;根底 / 《複数形で》(その人の根底にある)ある場所との根源的なつながり / (数学で)根,ルート / (派生語の)語根(例えばrootlessの中のroot) / 〈植物〉‘を'『根づかせる』 / 《しばしば受動態で》(根をおろしたように)(…に)…‘を'『定着させる』『+『名』+『to』(『in』)+『名』》 / (…に)『根を下ろす』,定着する《+『in』(『on』,『to』)+『名』》
〈豚などが〉(…をあさって)鼻で地面を掘る《+『about』(『around』)『for』+『名』》 / (…を捜して)〈人が〉かき回す《+『about for』+『名』》
(…を)声援する,(…の)成功を願う《+『for』+『名』》
幼根,胚根

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/04/25 18:23:02」(JST)

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Radicular pain, or radiculitis, is pain "radiated" along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root (radiculopathy) at its connection to the spinal column. A common form of radiculitis is sciatica – radicular pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower spine to the lower back, gluteal muscles, back of the upper thigh, calf, and foot as often secondary to nerve root irritation from a spinal disc herniation or from osteophytes in the lumbar region of the spine.

Treatment options

Seeking treatment for radiculitis should not be delayed. Depending on the severity, certain muscles (i.e.: in the toes, feet and calf) may start to atrophy over time, which in turn requires physical therapy for recovery. Also, radiculitis is known to cause patients to "favor" certain muscles (or a certain side of their body) which can result in the over-development of those muscles relative to the ones that don't get used as much.

Initial treatment for the pain may involve one or a combination of the following interventions:

One or two days of rest, if the pain is severe
Application of ice (to reduce the inflammation) and/or heat (to encourage blood flow to help the irritated area to heal)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or Relafen
Acetaminophen (paracetamol), e.g. Tylenol, which helps reduce the pain signals in the brain
Spinal manipulation or mobilization when lumbar spine related^[1]
Gabapentin or the newer prescription medicine pregabalin
Analgesics or pain killers, such as Vicodin, Percocet, or, in severe cases, a low dosage of Methadone
Muscle relaxers, such as cyclobenzaprine or methocarbamol
Epidural steroidal injections, which involves injecting a steroid (and sometimes a pain killer) directly into the problem area in the low back to treat the inflammation that is irritating the nerve root

Once the initial period of severe pain is under control, a variety of treatments may be employed to address the underlying cause of the pain, such as a disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease:

Chiropractic^[1]
Physical therapy: stretching and physical exercise; often recommended after a period of one to two days of rest and treatment to get the pain under control.
Massage Therapy can be a useful adjunct in relieving pain; myofascial release may be helpful.
Yoga Therapy by a skilled Yoga Therapist is another excellent adjunct treatment^{[citation needed]}.

Modifying personal habits and lifestyle to prevent future exacerbation of the underlying cause of the pain is also important. For example, maintaining an appropriate body weight that's known not to aggravate the discs (this varies from patient to patient) as well as changing the way one goes about bending over for objects on the ground (heavy or light, it doesn't matter...all one has to do is bend in the wrong direction to invoke an episode). Another important lifestyle change that is usually recommended is to maintain a regular stretching and exercise program.

There are also a variety of surgeries that can be employed to treat severe cases of radicular pain, depending on the underlying condition that the surgery addresses. To treat a disc herniation, which may cause persistent radiating pain, a microdiscectomy surgery is usually performed. This is a minimally invasive approach that removes the portion of the disc that presses against the nerve root. The surgery has a high success rate, minimal healing time (typically the patient will go home on the same day as the surgery), and usually provides immediate relief of the sciatica and other symptoms caused by a herniated disc. This surgery may be recommended after several weeks of non-surgical treatment, or even earlier if the pain and other sciatica symptoms are severe. However, even in discal herniations, the long term outcomes do not differ between those who undergo surgery and those who do not. The decision to undergo surgery is not trivial, and is preferably made in consultation with two or more physicians.

References

^ ^a ^b Leininger B, Bronfort G, Evans R, Reiter T (2011). "Spinal manipulation or mobilization for radiculopathy: a systematic review". Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 22 (1): 105–125. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2010.11.002. PMID 21292148.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腰仙部神経根障害：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 lumbosacral radiculopathy pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
2. 急性腰仙部神経根障害：予後および管理 acute lumbosacral radiculopathy prognosis and treatment
3. 頸部神経根障害の治療 treatment of cervical radiculopathy
4. 頸部神経根障害の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy
5. 多発神経根症：脊柱管狭窄症、感染症、癌、および炎症性神経根症候群 polyradiculopathy spinal stenosis infectious carcinomatous and inflammatory nerve root syndromes

English Journal

Transforaminal injection of corticosteroids for lumbar radiculopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Quraishi NA.SourceCentre for Spine Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, West Block, D Floor, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK, nasquraishi@hotmail.com.
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society.Eur Spine J.2011 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural injection of steroids is used to treat lumbar radicular pain. However, there are only a few well-designed randomized, controlled studies on the effectiveness of steroid injection.STUDY DESIGN: Hence, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of steroid injection
PMID 21892774

Treatment of Patients With Degenerative Cervical Radiculopathy Using a Multi-Modal Conservative Approach in a Geriatric Population: A Case Series.

Forbush SW, Cox T, Wilson E.AbstractSTUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical case series.
The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.2011 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical case series.OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of 10 patients with advanced cervical spondyloarthrosis with radiculopathy using manual therapy, intermittent mechanical cervical traction, and home exercises.BACKGROUND: Predictors and short-term outcomes of cerv
PMID 21891879

Japanese Journal

神経症候を伴う骨粗鬆症性椎体圧潰に対する一期的な後方除圧と経皮的椎体形成術

田中秀一,川西昌浩,加茂正嗣,西原賢太郎,山田誠,横山邦夫,伊藤裕
脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(3), 200-206, 2011-03-20
骨粗鬆症性椎体圧迫骨折では,圧潰椎体の後壁が脊柱管内に突出して脊柱管狭窄をきたし,腰痛に加えて神経症状を呈すことがある.今回,本病態の7症例(平均74歳)に対し低侵襲治療を目的に,一期的に椎体形成術と後方除圧術を施行し短期治療成績を検討した.術後,腰痛は全例で軽快し,JOA scoreは術前10.6から術後20.3,椎体高は前方と中央で有意に改善した.歩行不能であった3例とも歩行可能となり,跛行は …
NAID 110008460949