quenched

　

WordNet

1. allayed; "his thirst quenched he was able to continue" (同)satisfied, slaked
2. steel that has been hardened by immersing it in water or oil to cool it
3. reduce the degree of (luminescence or phosphorescence) in (excited molecules or a material) by adding a suitable substance
4. cool (hot metal) by plunging into cold water or other liquid; "quench steel"
5. satisfy (thirst); "The cold water quenched his thirst" (同)slake, allay, assuage
6. electronics: suppress (sparking) when the current is cut off in an inductive circuit, or suppress (an oscillation or discharge) in a component or device

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈火など〉‘を'消す(put out) / (…で)〈欲望など〉‘を'満足させる,〈飢・渇きなど〉‘を'いやす《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』(do『ing』)》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/06 14:45:54」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Quenching (disambiguation).

Coke being pushed into a quenching car, Hanna furnaces of the Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Detroit, Michigan, November 1942.

In materials science, quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece to obtain certain material properties. It prevents low-temperature processes, such as phase transformations, from occurring by only providing a narrow window of time in which the reaction is both thermodynamically favorable and kinetically accessible. For instance, it can reduce crystallinity and thereby increase toughness of both alloys and plastics (produced through polymerization).

In metallurgy, it is most commonly used to harden steel by introducing martensite, in which case the steel must be rapidly cooled through its eutectoid point, the temperature at which austenite becomes unstable. In steel alloyed with metals such as nickel and manganese, the eutectoid temperature becomes much lower, but the kinetic barriers to phase transformation remain the same. This allows quenching to start at a lower temperature, making the process much easier. High speed steel also has added tungsten, which serves to raise kinetic barriers and give the illusion that the material has been cooled more rapidly than it really has. Even cooling such alloys slowly in air has most of the desired effects of quenching.

Extremely rapid cooling can prevent the formation of all crystal structure, resulting in amorphous metal or "metallic glass".

Quench hardening

Quench hardening is a mechanical process in which steel and cast iron alloys are strengthened and hardened. These metals consist of ferrous metals and alloys. This is done by heating the material to a certain temperature, depending on the material. This produces a harder material by either surface hardening or through-hardening varying on the rate at which the material is cooled. The material is then often tempered to reduce the brittleness that may increase from the quench hardening process. Items that may be quenched include gears, shafts, and wear blocks.

Process

Quenching metals is a progression; the first step is soaking the metal, i.e. heating it to the required temperature. Soaking can be done by air (air furnace), or a bath. The soaking time in air furnaces should be 1 to 2 minutes for each millimeter of cross-section. For a bath the time can range a little higher. The recommended time allotment in salt or lead baths is 0 to 6 minutes. Uneven heating or overheating should be avoided at all cost. Most materials are heated from anywhere to 815 to 900 °C (1,500 to 1,650 °F).

The next item on the progression list is the cooling of the part. Water is one of the most efficient quenching media where maximum hardness is acquired, but there is a small chance that it may cause distortion and tiny cracking. When hardness can be sacrificed, whale, cottonseed and mineral oils are used. These often tend to oxidize and form a sludge, which consequently lowers the efficiency. The quenching velocity (cooling rate) of oil is much less than water. Intermediate rates between water and oil can be obtained with water containing 10-30% UCON from DOW, a substance with an inverse solubility which therefore deposits on the object to slow the rate of cooling.

To minimize distortion, long cylindrical workpieces are quenched vertically; flat workpieces are quenched on edge; and thick sections should enter the bath first. To prevent steam bubbles the bath is agitated.

Effect of Quench Hardening

Before the material is hardened, the microstructure of the material is a pearlite grain structure that is uniform and lamellar. Pearlite is a mixture of ferrite and cementite formed when steel or cast iron are manufactured and cooled at a slow rate. After quench hardening, the microstructure of the material form into martensite as a fine, needle-like grain structure.

Before using this technique it is essential to look up the rate constants for the quenching of the excited states of metal ions.^{[citation needed]}

Equipment

There are three types of furnaces that are commonly used in quench hardening: salt bath furnace, continuous furnace, and box furnace. Each is used depending on what other processes or types of quench hardening are being done on the different materials.

Quenching media

When quenching, there are numerous types of media. Some of the more common include: air, brine (salt water), oil and water. These media are used to increase the severity of the quench.

Quenching Distance

Quenching distance is an important property in the study of combustion. It is defined as the smallest hole a flame can travel through. For example hydrogen has a quenching distance of 0.64 mm.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Quench press
• Martempering

References

English Journal

• Affinity of rosmarinic acid to human serum albumin and its effect on protein conformation stability.

• Peng X1, Wang X2, Qi W3, Su R4, He Z4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:178-87. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.109. Epub 2015 Jul 3.
• Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol contained in many aromatic plants with promising biological activities. The interaction between RA and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by multi-spectroscopic, electrochemistry, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. The fl
• PMID 26304336

• Smartphone based visual and quantitative assays on upconversional paper sensor.

• Mei Q1, Jing H2, Li Y2, Yisibashaer W2, Chen J2, Nan Li B3, Zhang Y4.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Jan 15;75:427-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.054. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
• The integration of smartphone with paper sensors recently has been gain increasing attentions because of the achievement of quantitative and rapid analysis. However, smartphone based upconversional paper sensors have been restricted by the lack of effective methods to acquire luminescence signals on
• PMID 26356763

• Synthesis and characterization of novel molecularly imprinted polymer - coated Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots for specific fluorescent recognition of cocaine.

• Chantada-Vázquez MP1, Sánchez-González J1, Peña-Vázquez E1, Tabernero MJ2, Bermejo AM2, Bermejo-Barrera P1, Moreda-Piñeiro A3.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Jan 15;75:213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.022. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
• Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material selective toward cocaine and its metabolites have been prepared and applied to cocaine (COC) and metabolites assessment by spectrofluorimetry. Ultrasound irradiation (37kHz) was novelty used for performing the
• PMID 26319164

Japanese Journal

• Effects of Initial States on the Spinodal Decomposition of Quenched and Melt-Spun Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy

• Kondo Shin-ichiro,Masusaki Akinori,Ogawa Kento [他]
• Materials transactions 56(1), 23-29, 2015-01
• NAID 40020318826

• Effects of Initial States on the Spinodal Decomposition of Quenched and Melt-Spun Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy

• Kondo Shin-ichiro,Masusaki Akinori,Ogawa Kento,Morimura Takao,Nakashima Hiromichi
• MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, 2015
• … We investigate early stages of spinodal decomposition in a melt-spun Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy (melt-spun samples) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction analysis through comparison against a non-melt-spun alloy of the same composition (quenched samples). …
• NAID 130004704638

• Diagnosis of superoxide anion radical induced in liquids by atmospheric-pressure plasma using superoxide dismutase

• Tani Atsushi,Fukui Satoshi,Ikawa Satoshi,Kitano Katsuhisa
• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(1S), 01AF01, 2014-11-17
• … This means that a superoxide anion radical in the solution is sufficiently quenched by SOD before the formation of the spin adduct. …
• NAID 150000110047

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• quenchedの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

quenched aluminum 急冷アルミニウム - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

• quenched - definition of quenched by The Free Dictionary

quench (kwĕnch) tr.v. quenched, quench·ing, quench·es 1. To put out (a fire, for example); extinguish. 2. To suppress; squelch: The disapproval of my colleagues quenched my enthusiasm for the plan. 3. To slake; satisfy: Mineral ...

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extinction、extinguish、quenching