精神運動遅滞

WordNet

the extent to which something is delayed or held back
lack of normal development of intellectual capacities (同)mental_retardation, backwardness, slowness, subnormality
of or relating to or characterizing mental events that have motor consequences or vice versa

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉遅延,遅滞 / 〈C〉遅らせるもの;妨害物 / 〈U〉〈C〉知能(学業など)の遅れ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/21 10:00:56」(JST)

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Psychomotor retardation (also known as "psychomotor impairment" or "motormental retardation") involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. Psychomotor retardation can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect.^[1] This is most-commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder; it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines.^[2] Particularly in an inpatient setting, psychomotor retardation may require increased nursing care to ensure adequate food and fluid intake and sufficient personal care. Informed consent for treatment is more difficult to achieve in the presence of this condition.

Examples

Examples of psychomotor retardation include the following:

Unaccountable difficulty in carrying out what are usually considered "automatic" or "mundane" self-care tasks for healthy people (i.e., without depressive illness) such as taking a shower, dressing, self-grooming, cooking, brushing one's teeth and exercising.
Physical difficulty performing activities which normally would require little thought or effort such as walking up a flight of stairs, getting out of bed, preparing meals and clearing dishes from the table, household chores or returning phone calls.
Tasks requiring mobility suddenly (or gradually) and inexplicably seem to be "impossible". Activities such as shopping, getting groceries, caring for the daily needs of one's children and meeting the demands of employment or school are commonly affected. Individuals experiencing these symptoms typically sense that something is wrong, and may be confused about their inability to perform these tasks.
Activities usually requiring little mental effort can become challenging. Balancing one's checkbook, making a shopping list or making decisions about mundane tasks (such as deciding what errands need to be done) are often difficult.

In schizophrenia, mood may vary from psychomotor retardation to agitation; the patient will experience periods of lifelessness and may be unresponsive, and at the next moment be active and energetic.^[3]

References

^ Tryon, W.W. 1991.Activity Measurement in Psychology and Medicine. Springer Publishing
^ Allgulander, C.; Bandelow, B.; Hollander, E.; Montgomery, SA.; Nutt, DJ.; Okasha, A.; Pollack, MH.; Stein, DJ. et al. (Aug 2003). "WCA recommendations for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.". CNS Spectr 8 (8 Suppl 1): 53–61. PMID 14767398.
^ Christopher D. Frith (1 January 1995). The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Lawrence Erlbaum. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-86377-334-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=nrz55H6cxeAC&pg=PA53. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

UpToDate Contents

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1. うつ病の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of depression
2. 心因性不随意運動 psychogenic movement disorders
3. 小児における知的障害（精神遅滞）：定義、原因および診断 intellectual disability mental retardation in children definition causes and diagnosis
4. 成人におけるうつ病の初期治療 initial treatment of depression in adults
5. 小児におけるてんかん症候群 epilepsy syndromes in children

English Journal

Diseases of glycosylation beyond classical congenital disorders of glycosylation.

Hennet T.AbstractBACKGROUND: Diseases of glycosylation are rare inherited disorders, which are often referred to as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Several types of CDG have been described in the last decades, encompassing defects of nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, nucleotide-sugar transporters, glycosyltransferases and vesicular transport. Although clinically heterogeneous, most types of CDG are associated with neurological impairments ranging from severe psychomotor retardation to moderate intellectual disabilities. CDG are mainly caused by defects of N-glycosylation, owing to the simple detection of under-glycosylated serum transferrin by isoelectric focusing.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Sep;1820(9):1306-17. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
BACKGROUND: Diseases of glycosylation are rare inherited disorders, which are often referred to as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Several types of CDG have been described in the last decades, encompassing defects of nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, nucleotide-sugar transporters, glycosyl
PMID 22343051

Monocarboxylate transporter 10 functions as a thyroid hormone transporter in chondrocytes.

Abe S, Namba N, Abe M, Fujiwara M, Aikawa T, Kogo M, Ozono K.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. nnamba@ped.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Endocrinology.Endocrinology.2012 Aug;153(8):4049-58. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Thyroid hormone is essential for normal proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Thus, untreated congenital hypothyroidism is marked by severe short stature. The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a highly specific transporter for thyroid hormone. The hallmarks of Allan-Herndon-Dudley
PMID 22719050

Japanese Journal

C型慢性肝炎患者に対するインターフェロン-β先行ペグインターフェロン・リバビリン投与中の自己評価式抑うつ性尺度の検討

奥新浩晃,森井和彦,上坂好一,湯浅志郎
肝臓 52(4), 229-235, 2011-04-25
C型肝炎に対するインターフェロン-β（IFN-β）2週先行ペグインターフェロン・リバビリン（Peg-IFN・RBV）24〜72週間投与時のZungs self-rating depression scale（SDS）の有用性を検討した．SDS得点は有意に上昇し（投与前平均：36.1，IFN-β 2週時：39.4，Peg-IFN 2週時：40.6，12〜24週時：44.6，n=74，P<0.0 …
NAID 10029285284