同: PI

WordNet

a salt or ester of hydriodic acid

PrepTutorEJDIC

ヨウ化物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/13 05:37:47」(JST)

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Propidium iodide (or PI) is an intercalating agent and a fluorescent molecule with a molecular mass of 668.4 Da that can be used to stain cells. When PI is bound to nucleic acids, the fluorescence excitation maximum is 535 nm and the emission maximum is 617 nm. Excitation energy can be supplied with a xenon or mercury-arc lamp or with the 488 line of an argon-ion laser.^[1] Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain for both flow cytometry, to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis,^[2] and microscopy to visualise the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. It can be used to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and normal cells.^[3]

Propidium Iodide is the most commonly used dye to quantitatively assess DNA content.^[4]^{[citation needed]}

Propidium iodide (PI) binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases, with little or no sequence preference, and with a stoichiometry of one dye per 4–5 base pairs of DNA. PI also binds to RNA, necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining.^[5] Once the dye is bound to nucleic acids, its fluorescence is enhanced 20- to 30-fold, the fluorescence excitation maximum is shifted ~30–40 nm to the red, and the fluorescence emission maximum is shifted ~15 nm to the blue. Although its molar absorptivity (extinction coefficient) is relatively low, PI exhibits a sufficiently large Stokes shift to allow simultaneous detection of nuclear DNA and fluorescein-labeled antibodies, provided the proper optical filters are used. PI is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometry.

PI is membrane impermeant and generally excluded from viable cells. PI is commonly used for identifying dead cells in a population and as a counterstain in multicolor fluorescent techniques.^[6] The counterstaining protocols below are compatible with a wide range of cytological labeling techniques—direct or indirect antibody-based detection methods, mRNA in situ hybridization, or staining with fluorescent reagents specific for cellular structures. These protocols can be modified for tissue staining.

A typical use of propidium iodide in plant biology is to stain the cell wall. Especially useful for Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root tissue observed by confocal microscopy, it increases visibility of the outlines of cells in the root tip. This red fluorescent background is useful to determine the sub-localization of a gene of interest expressed as a Green Fluorescent Protein fusion.

Also, propidium iodide is used as a stain in animal cells. For example, in Apodemus sylvaticus, more commonly known as the wood mouse, it can be used to indicate the location of the nuclear region of sperm cell by emitting its characteristic red fluorescence.^[7]

References

^ http://probes.invitrogen.com/media/pis/mp01304.pdf
^ "Propidium Iodide Solution - BioLegend". Retrieved 10 January 2015.
^ Lecoeur H (2002). "Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases". Exp. Cell Res. 277 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5537. PMID 12061813.
^ Cancer Research UK. 2004. Cell Cycle Analysis - Propidium Iodide. http://science.cancerresearchuk.org/sci/facs/facs_major_apps/cell_cycle_analysis/propidium_iodide/?version=1
^ Suzuki T, Fujikura K, Higashiyama T, Takata K (1 January 1997). "DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1177/002215549704500107. PMID 9010468.
^ Moore A, Donahue CJ, Bauer KD, Mather JP (1998). "Simultaneous measurement of cell cycle and apoptotic cell death". Methods Cell Biol. 57: 265–78. doi:10.1016/S0091-679X(08)61584-8. PMID 9648110.
^ Moore, Harry et al., Exceptional sperm cooperation in Wood Mouse.Nature 418, 174-177 (2002).

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

An insight into the interaction of phenanthridine dyes with polyriboadenylic acid: Spectroscopic and thermodynamic approach.

Das S, Parveen S, Pradhan AB.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India. Electronic address: sumandas10@yahoo.com.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Jan;118:356-66. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.106. Epub 2013 Aug 31.
Interaction of two phenanthridine dyes, namely ethidium bromide (EB) and propidium iodide (PI) with polyriboadenylic acid was investigated using various spectroscopic techniques. They were found to bind only with the single stranded form of the polymer, while no affinity was observed for the double
PMID 24060481

Ursolic acid promotes cancer cell death by inducing Atg5-dependent autophagy.

Leng S, Hao Y, Du D, Xie S, Hong L, Gu H, Zhu X, Zhang J, Fan D, Kung HF.SourceDepartment of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Dec 15;133(12):2781-90. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28301. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to possess anticancer activities. Although some of the anticancer activities of UA have been explained by its apoptosis-inducing properties, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer actions are largely unknown. We have found that UA-activated autophagy induced cyt
PMID 23737395

The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate in vitro.

Skardelly M, Glien A, Groba C, Schlichting N, Kamprad M, Meixensberger J, Milosevic J.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: Marco.Skardelly@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2013 Dec 10;319(20):3170-81. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.025. Epub 2013 Aug 31.
In allogenic and xenogenic transplantation, adequate immunosuppression plays a major role in graft survival, especially over the long term. The effect of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate has not been sufficiently explored. The focus of this study is to systematically inves
PMID 24001738

Japanese Journal

凍結されたウシ骨髄組織からの効率的な細胞核回収方法の開発

近藤健二,加藤博己,安齋政幸 [他]
近畿大学先端技術総合研究所紀要 (16), 59-65, 2011-03
… その結果、早期染色体凝集ならびに前核様構造物の形成は観察されなかったものの、細胞核の注入直後に観察されたPropidium iodide による強い赤色蛍光が、細胞核注入後7 時間ではほぼ消失していた事から、生物学的特性は保持されていると考えられた。 …
NAID 120003088559

Photodynamic Hyperthermal Therapy with Indocyanine Green (ICG) induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cells

RADZI Rozanaliza,OSAKI Tomohiro,TSUKA Takeshi,IMAGAWA Tomohiro,MINAMI Saburo,NAKAYAMA Yuji,OKAMOTO Yoshiharu
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1111270710, 2011
… The percentage of apoptotic cell was determined by flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. …
NAID 130001410278

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヨウ化プロピジウム」「プロピジウムヨウ化物」
関連記事	「iodide」「propidium」

「ヨウ化プロピジウム」

Propidium iodide
Identifiers
CAS Number	25535-16-4
ChEBI	CHEBI:51240
ChEMBL	ChEMBL345124
ChemSpider	94732
Jmol 3D image	Interactive graph
PubChem	104981
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;21H/q+1;;/p-1 Key: XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/C27H33N4.2HI/c1-4-31(3,5-2)17-9-16-30-26-19-22(29)13-15-24(26)23-14-12-21(28)18-25(23)27(30)20-10-7-6-8-11-20;;/h6-8,10-15,18-19,29H,4-5,9,16-17,28H2,1-3H3;21H/q+1;;/p-1 Key: XJMOSONTPMZWPB-REWHXWOFAB ;
	SMILES CC[N+](C)(CC)CCC[n+]1c2cc(ccc2c3ccc(cc3c1c4ccccc4)N)N.[I-].[I-] ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H34I2N4
Molar mass	668.3946
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: propidium iodide
関: プロピジウム、プロピジウムヨウ化物
関: 蛍光染色法

「プロピジウムヨウ化物」

　　[★]

英: propidium iodide
関: ヨウ化プロピジウム

「iodide」

　　[★]

n.

ヨウ化物、ヨウ化

adj.

ヨウ素の

関: I、I2、iodine、iodo

「propidium」

　　[★] プロピジウム

関: propidium iodide

[1] ttp://probes.invitrogen.com/media/pis/mp01304.pdf

[2] "Propidium Iodide Solution - BioLegend". Retrieved 10 January 2015.

[3] Lecoeur H (2002). "Nuclear apoptosis detection by flow cytometry: influence of endogenous endonucleases". Exp. Cell Res. 277 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5537. PMID 12061813.

[4] Cancer Research UK. 2004. Cell Cycle Analysis - Propidium Iodide. http://science.cancerresearchuk.org/sci/facs/facs_major_apps/cell_cycle_analysis/propidium_iodide/?version=1

[5] Suzuki T, Fujikura K, Higashiyama T, Takata K (1 January 1997). "DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1177/002215549704500107. PMID 9010468.

[6] Moore A, Donahue CJ, Bauer KD, Mather JP (1998). "Simultaneous measurement of cell cycle and apoptotic cell death". Methods Cell Biol. 57: 265–78. doi:10.1016/S0091-679X(08)61584-8. PMID 9648110.

[7] Moore, Harry et al., Exceptional sperm cooperation in Wood Mouse.Nature 418, 174-177 (2002).

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案内

propidium iodide