WordNet

a muscle that produces or assists in pronation

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/16 16:48:27」(JST)

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Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.

As it is on the anterior side of the arm, it is innervated by a branch of the median nerve, the anterior interosseous nerve (roots C8 and T1 with T1 being primary). Arterial blood comes via the interosseous artery.

Structure

Its fibers run perpendicular to the direction of the arm, running from the most distal quarter of the anterior ulna to the distal quarter of the anterior radius. It is the only muscle that attaches only to the ulna at one end and the radius at the end.

Function

When pronator quadratus contracts, it pulls the lateral side of the radius towards the ulna, thus pronating the hand. Its deep fibers serve to keep the two bones in the forearm bound together.

Additional Images

Pronator quadratus muscle
Pronator quadratus muscle
Pronator quadratus muscle
Pronator quadratus muscle

External links

114294862 at GPnotebook
Illustration: upper-body/pronator-quadratus from The Department of Radiology at the University of Washington

UpToDate Contents

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1. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
2. 手首の解剖学および基本的な生体力学 anatomy and basic biomechanics of the wrist
3. Elbow injuries in active children or skeletally immature adolescents: Approach
4. 成人における尺骨および橈骨骨幹部骨折 midshaft ulna and radius fractures in adults
5. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Etiology and epidemiology

English Journal

[Is there any correlation between the strength of pronation and supination of the dominant hand and that of the non-dominant one in right-handed healthy adults: Preliminary results].

Rey PB1, Jardin E2, Uhring J3, Obert L4.Author information 1CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France. Electronic address: pb.rey@wanadoo.fr.2CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France. Electronic address: manue.jardin@hotmail.fr.3CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France. Electronic address: jul.uhr@live.fr.4CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France. Electronic address: laurentobert@yahoo.fr.AbstractWe searched the existence of a link between the strength of pronation and supination of the dominant forearm and those of the non-dominant one. Ninety-seven volunteers were tested in pronation and supination with an analog dynamometer. Gender, age, dominance, height and weight were recorded. The measurement position was: 90° of elbow flexion, 0° of shoulder abduction, wrist slightly extended and neutral pronation-supination. We took four measurements per patient: strength in pronation and supination, in both the dominant and non-dominant sides. Fifteen subjects were evaluated twice. The left-handed (4) were removed from the statistical analysis. There were 38 men (37 years, 18-66) and 55 women (45 years, 21-71). Torques were higher (P<0.05) in men than in women, higher in supination than in pronation and in the dominant side compared to the non-dominant one (average ratio "non-dominant/dominant": 0.85; σ=0.16). There was a strong correlation between non-dominant hand strength and dominant hand strength (Pearson>0.6). Relating to the 15 subjects evaluated twice, the value of the forces varied during the day, but the ratio "non-dominant/dominant" was constant. The left-handed people were excluded, their values may be different from those of right-handers, as has been shown for grip strength. There was a strength variation during the day, but the ratio "non-dominant/dominant" was constant, making it more relevant intra-individual comparison (non-dominant side versus dominant side) rather inter-individual (based on charts of gender, age, weight and height). In the right-handed, the ratio "strength non-dominant side/dominant" is constant, defining easily in consultation the expected value of recovery of an injured forearm.
Chirurgie de la main.Chir Main.2014 Feb;33(1):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.main.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
We searched the existence of a link between the strength of pronation and supination of the dominant forearm and those of the non-dominant one. Ninety-seven volunteers were tested in pronation and supination with an analog dynamometer. Gender, age, dominance, height and weight were recorded. The mea
PMID 24411272

Sonographic appearance of the pronator quadratus muscle in healthy volunteers.

Sato J, Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Takeda M, Toyabe S.Author information Ishii Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama 361-0037, Japan., jun-sato@hotmail.co.jp.AbstractOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sonographic appearance of the pronator quadratus muscle in healthy volunteers.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.J Ultrasound Med.2014 Jan;33(1):111-7. doi: 10.7863/ultra.33.1.111.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sonographic appearance of the pronator quadratus muscle in healthy volunteers.METHODS: We sonographically evaluated 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women). The maximum thickness of the pronator quadratus in millimeters on the volar si
PMID 24371105

Use of the anterior interosseous artery for external to internal carotid artery bypass procedures: a cadaveric feasibility study.

Tubbs RS, Watanabe K, Loukas M, Cohen-Gadol AA.Author information Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Alabama , Birmingham, AL , USA.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Interpositional grafts are often used for extracranial to intracranial artery bypass procedures. However, donors often suffer from size mismatch and donor site morbidity. We sought a novel donor vessel that has not been used for these procedures.
British journal of neurosurgery.Br J Neurosurg.2013 Dec;27(6):791-4. doi: 10.3109/02688697.2013.786779. Epub 2013 Apr 19.
INTRODUCTION: Interpositional grafts are often used for extracranial to intracranial artery bypass procedures. However, donors often suffer from size mismatch and donor site morbidity. We sought a novel donor vessel that has not been used for these procedures.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 adult cadav
PMID 23600971

Japanese Journal

超音波エコーを用いた橈骨遠位端掌側面と長母指屈筋腱との位置関係の検討

整形外科と災害外科 62(2), 227-230, 2013-03-25
NAID 10031160454

Simulation of the Stabilizing Mechanism of Distal Radioulnar Joint during Pronation and Supination

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 8(3), 278-292, 2013
NAID 130003384003

A Coincidental Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy after Volar Plate Fixation of a Distal Radius Fracture Diagnosed by 3D-CT

The Kobe journal of the medical sciences 58(4), 96-98, 2012
NAID 110009595160

「方形回内筋」

Pronator quadratus muscle
	Anterior view of left forearm. Deep muscles. (Pronator quadratus visible at bottom-center right.)
Details
Latin	Musculus pronator quadratus
Origin	medial, anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion	lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Artery	anterior interosseous artery
Nerve	median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Actions	pronates the forearm
Antagonist	Supinator muscle
Identifiers
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12550251
TA	A04.6.02.038
FMA	38453
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]