同: PRP

WordNet

gradually advancing in extent
a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going (同)progressive tense, imperfect, imperfect tense, continuous tense
favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) (同)reformist, reform-minded
(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position; "progressive euchre"; "progressive tournaments"
(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
advancing in severity; "progressive paralysis"
favoring or promoting progress; "progressive schools"
a rare loss of mental and physical skills in adolescents; associated with the rubella virus
diffuse inflammation of the entire brain
the basic unit of money in Belarus

PrepTutorEJDIC

(行列などが)『前進する』,進んで行く / (事態が)進展する,進行する / 『進歩的な』,革新的な / (病気・暴力などが)次第に悪くなる(広がる) / (課税が)累進的な / (文法で)進行[形]の / 進歩的な人,革新主義者
=German measles

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/05 03:22:29」(JST)

wiki en

Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is considered when a child with congenital rubella develops progressive spasticity, ataxia, mental deterioration, and seizures. Testing involves at least CSF examination and serology. Elevated CSF total protein and globulin and elevated rubella antibody titers in CSF and serum occur. CT may show ventricular enlargement due to cerebellar atrophy and white matter disease. Brain biopsy may be necessary to exclude other causes of encephalitis or encephalopathy. Rubella virus cannot usually be recovered by viral culture or immunohistologic testing.

Treatment

Although no specific treatment exists, the disease can be managed with anticonvulsants, physiotherapy, etc.

Progression

It develops 6 months to 4 years after the primary rubella infection, which in most cases is a congenital rubella. In children with congenital rubella infection the deficits remain stable; neurological deterioration after the first few years of life is not believed to occur.

Progression of the disease can be divided into two stages:

1st stage: Behavioural Changes
- insidious onset
- subtle changes in behaviour and declining school work
2nd stage: Neurological Changes
- seizures – sometimes myoclonic
- cerebellar ataxia
- spastic weakness
- retinopathy, optic atrophy
- frank dementia leading to coma
- spasticity and brainstem involvement with death in 2–5 years

Incidence

PRP is very rare and similar to SSPE but without intracellular inclusion bodies. Only 20 patients have been identified since first recognized in 1974.

External links

PEDBASE.org – The Pediatric Database – Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis
Wiley InterScience – Characterization of immune complexes in progressive rubella panencephalitis
PubMed – Progressive rubella panencephalitis. Late onset after congenital rubella.
The Merck Manual – Rubella
A Practical Guide to Clinical Virology (Second Edition) – 40. Slow viruses: CONVENTIONAL SLOW VIRUS INFECTIONS – SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 風疹 rubella
2. 先天性風疹症候群：臨床的特徴および診断 congenital rubella syndrome clinical features and diagnosis
3. 先天性風疹症候群：管理、転帰、および予防 congenital rubella syndrome management outcome and prevention
4. 妊娠中の風疹 rubella in pregnancy
5. 成人へのMMR（麻疹・ムンプス・風疹）ワクチン接種 measles mumps and rubella immunization in adults

English Journal

Mumps and rubella.

Tyor W1, Harrison T2.
Handbook of clinical neurology.Handb Clin Neurol.2014;123:591-600. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00028-6.
PMID 25015506

Rubella and congenital rubella (German measles).

Edlich RF1, Winters KL, Long WB 3rd, Gubler KD.
Journal of long-term effects of medical implants.J Long Term Eff Med Implants.2005;15(3):319-28.
Rubella, also known as German measles, is usually a very mild infection that can have devastating effects in certain instances. It is a pleomorphic RNA virus in the Togaviridae family of the genus Rubivirus. It typically causes a scarletiniform rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, and mild constitutional
PMID 16022642