WordNet

beyond or distal to a ganglion (referring especially to the unmyelinated fibers that originate from cells in autonomic ganglia)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/15 02:54:16」(JST)

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers.

The neurotransmitters of postganglionic fibers differ:

In the parasympathetic division, neurons are cholinergic (that is, acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter).
In the sympathetic division, neurons are mostly adrenergic (that is, epinephrine and norepinephrine function as the primary neurotransmitters). Two exceptions to this rule are the sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and arrectores pilorum muscles where the neurotransmitter at both pre and post ganglionic synapses is acetylcholine and the vessels in the renal cortex where dopamine is used as the main neurotransmitter. Another exception is the sympathetic innervation of the medulla of the adrenal glands, which is accomplished by preganglionic fibers, and subsequently uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. The cells of the adrenal medulla are actually modified postganglionic neurons which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood stream rather than into a synapse.^[1]
In both divisions of the autonomic nervous system, postganglionic neurons express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to receive signals from preganglionic neurons.^[2]

^ Noback, Charles; David A. Ruggiero, Robert J. Demarest, Norman L. Strominger (2005). The Human Nervous System: Structure and Function (6th ed.). New Jersey: Humana Press. ISBN 978-1588290403.
^ Costanzo, Linda (2014). BRS Physiology (6th ed.). LWW. ISBN 9781451187953.

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Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen.

Gautron L, Rutkowski JM, Burton MD, Wei W, Wan Y, Elmquist JK.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235; Division of Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2013 Nov;521(16):3741-67. doi: 10.1002/cne.23376.
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues including the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. However, the anatomical relationships between the peripheral cholinergic system and immune cells located in these lymphoid tissues remain
PMID 23749724

Non-quantal release of acetylcholine in rat atrial myocardium is inhibited by noradrenaline.

Borodinova AA, Abramochkin DV, Sukhova GS.Source1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation;
Experimental physiology.Exp Physiol.2013 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print]
In mammalian myocardium acetylcholine (ACh), which represents the main neurotransmitter of cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, can be released both via quantal (vesicular) and non-quantal (non-vesicular) mechanism of secretion. Non-quantal release is continuous, independent on vagus activ
PMID 23975902

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and PSD-93 transcript levels decrease in male mouse MPG following cavernous nerve injury or explant culture.

Girard BM, Merriam LA, Tompkins JD, Vizzard MA, Parsons RL.Source1University of Vermont.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2013 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
Quantitative real time-PCR was used to test whether cavernous nerve injury leads to a decrease in major pelvic ganglia (MPG) neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit and postsynaptic density-93 (PSD-93) transcript levels. Subunits α3, β4 and α7, commonly expressed in MPG, were se
PMID 24049141

Anatomy : Colocalization of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivities in Postganglionic Neurons of the Quail Superior Cervical Ganglion

内藤裕之,土井光,稲水佐江子,伊藤聖,荒木武尚
臨床神経学 53(2), 125-130, 2013
症例は46 歳の男性である．感冒症状を契機に緊張性瞳孔，起立性低血圧，膀胱直腸障害，全身の発汗障害などの重度の自律神経障害を発症し，全身の温痛覚障害および脳神経系および四肢の運動障害を合併した．各種検査から節後性無髄線維の軸索変性が主体の急性自律性感覚性運動性ニューロパチーと診断した．免疫グロブリン療法およびステロイドパルス療法をおこなうも自律神経障害の改善は乏しく，予後不良な経過をたどった．頭部 …
NAID 130004505500

土井啓員,榊原隆次,岸雅彦,露崎洋平,舘野冬樹,平井成和
臨床神経学 53(11), 1382-1385, 2013
パーキンソン病（PD）において消化管運動機能障害は高頻度でみられる自律神経系の合併症である．とくに胃排出能低下は，小腸上部へのL-ドパの到達を遅らせる可能性があり，薬物治療管理の視点から重要である．実際胃排出能低下がみられるPD患者では，L-ドパの血中濃度の立ち上がりが遅くなる割合が有意に高い．L-ドパの吸収遅延は薬効の発現に影響し，wearing-off，delayed-onを惹起する要因の一つ …
NAID 130004505455

拡張検索	「postganglionic autonomic fiber」「postganglionic autonomic fibre」「postganglionic fibre」「postganglionic parasympathetic fiber」

Postganglionic fibers
	Sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	neurofibrae postganglionicae
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_06/12568789
TA	A14.2.00.010
FMA	76569
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]