関: postencephalitic Parkinson disease

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/20 04:03:13」(JST)

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Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is a disease believed to be caused by a viral illness, that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism.

Historically, starting in 1917 an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, also called von Economo’s encephalitis or "sleepy-disease" occurred, possibly related to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic; however, even with the use of modern molecular diagnostic tests on appropriate corpses no firm link between encephalitis lethargica with influenza has been made. Although parkinsonism was occasionally seen during the acute encephalitic phase of encephalitis lethargica, it was often encountered in the post-encephalitic phase. The onset of post encephalitic parkinsonism can be delayed by several years from the resolution of encephalitis lethargica.

The brain regions affected contain neurofibrillary tangles, similar to those seen in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the senile plaques common in Alzheimer's disease are not found.

Cultural references

The film Awakenings (starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro) and its respective book based on genuine cases reported by Oliver Sacks deal with sensitive and largely accurate topics relating to this disease. The state of the art in treatment remains roughly the same as it was at the time of the events depicted, the 1960s, although patients with post-encephalitic Parkinsonism lose benefit from their medication far faster than do patients with Parkinson's disease.

References

External links

Evidente V, Gwinn K (1998). "Post-encephalitic parkinsonism". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64 (1): 5. doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.1.5. PMC 2169890. PMID 9436719.

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English Journal

Medical and molecular perspectives into a forgotten epidemic: Encephalitis lethargica, viruses, and high-throughput sequencing.

Tappe D1, Alquezar-Planas DE2.
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.J Clin Virol.2014 Oct;61(2):189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.013. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
The emergence of encephalitis lethargica (EL), an acute-onset polioencephalitis of unknown etiology as an epidemic in the years 1917-1925 is still unexplainable today. Questioned by the first descriptor of EL himself, Constantin von Economo, there has been much debate shrouding a possible role of th
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Postencephalitic parkinsonism: interesting clinico-imaging correlation.

Das B1, Chakravarthi S1, Goyal MK2, Modi M1, Vyas S3, Lal V1, Prabhakar S1, Ahuja C3.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2014 Aug 15;343(1-2):215-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.05.062. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
IMPORTANCE: Post-encephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) is believed to be caused by a viral illness which causes degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra, resulting in clinical parkinsonism. Although common during the period of the First World War, the diagnosis of PEP is rarely entertained
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The postencephalitic Parkinson syndrome.

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Japanese Journal

Parkinson's Disease Presenting with Oculogyric Crisis in the Off Period

Internal Medicine 53(7), 793-795, 2014
NAID 130003392732

An autopsy case of postencephalitic parkinsonism of von Economo type : Some new observations concerning neurofibrillary tangles and astrocytic tangles

Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 20(2), 143-148, 2000-06-01
NAID 10009914416

Pathological overlap in cases of parkinsonism associated with neurofibrillary tangles. A study of recent cases of postencephalitic parkinsonism and comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Guamanian parkinsonism-dementia complex