同: 気脳症

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/04 20:46:40」(JST)

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Large pneumocephaly secondary to surgical wound.

Pneumocephalus is the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity. It is usually associated with disruption of the skull: after head and facial trauma, tumors of the skull base, after neurosurgery or otorhinolaryngology, and rarely, spontaneously. Pneumocephalus can occur in scuba diving, but is very rare in this context.

If there is a valve mechanism which allows air to enter the skull but prevents it from escaping, a tension pneumocephalus can occur (similar to what can happen in a tension pneumothorax).

CT scans of patients with a tension pneumocephalus typically show air that compresses the frontal lobes of the brain, which results in a tented appearance of the brain in the skull known as the Mount Fuji sign.^[1]^[2]^[3] The name is derived from the resemblance of the brain to Mount Fuji in Japan, a volcano known for its symmetrical cone. In typical cases, there is a symmetrical depression near the midline (such as the crater of a volcano), due to intact bridging veins.^[3] Its occurrence seems to be limited to tension pneumocephalus (not occurring in pneumocephalus without tension).^[4] The sign was first described by a team of Japanese neurosurgeons.^[5]

Footnotes[edit]

^ Michel SJ (August 2004). "The Mount Fuji sign". Radiology 232 (2): 449–50. doi:10.1148/radiol.2322021556. PMID 15286317. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Sadeghian H (September 2000). "Mount Fuji sign in tension pneumocephalus". Archives of Neurology 57 (9): 1366. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.9.1366. PMID 10987907. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ ^a ^b Heckmann JG, Ganslandt O (April 2004). "Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign". The New England Journal of Medicine 350 (18): 1881. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm020479. PMID 15115834. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Ishiwata Y, Fujitsu K, Sekino T, et al. (January 1988). "Subdural tension pneumocephalus following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma". Journal of neurosurgery 68 (1): 58–61. doi:10.3171/jns.1988.68.1.0058. PMID 3335913. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Ishiwata Y, Fujino H, Kubokura T, Tsubone K, Sekino T, Fujitsu K (April 1987). "[Subdural tension pneumocephalus following surgery of chronic subdural hematoma]". No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery (in Japanese) 15 (4): 419–24. PMID 3614535. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

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English Journal

Tension pneumocephalus as a complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a patient with chronic traumatic brain injury.

Lee LC, Lieu FK, Chen YH, Hung TH, Chen SF.SourceFrom the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital (L-CL, F-KL, S-FC); Department of Chest Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital (Y-HC); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University (T-HH); and Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (S-FC).
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists.Am J Phys Med Rehabil.2012 Jun;91(6):528-32.
ABSTRACT: Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy has not been accepted as a standard therapy for traumatic brain injuries, it has been used, along with rehabilitative exercises, for traumatic brain injuries, and the standard protocol has a low risk of complications. We report a case of chronic traumatic
PMID 22377825

New Reconstructive Technologies after Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Three-Dimensional Titanium Mesh.

Kung WM, Lin FH, Hsiao SH, Chiu WT, Chyau CC, Lu SH, Hwang B, Lee JH, Lin MS.Source1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .
Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2012 May 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Functional and aesthetic reconstruction after wide decompressive craniectomy directly correlates with subsequent quality of life. Advancements in the development of biomaterials have now made three-dimensional (3-D) titanium mesh a new option for the repair of skull defects after craniect
PMID 22452382