WordNet

the perceptual experience of seeing; "the runners emerged from the trees into his clear vision"; "he had a visual sensation of intense light" (同)visual_sensation
a religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance; "he had a vision of the Virgin Mary"
a vivid mental image; "he had a vision of his own death"

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{U}『視力』,視覚 / 〈C〉《単数形で》《文》非常に美しい光景(人など) / 〈U〉(将来への)『見通し』,先見の明;想像力,直観力 / 〈C〉『心に描くもの』,空想,想像 / 〈C〉(…についての)考え,見解《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(…の)『幻』,幻影《+of+名》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/22 19:49:10」(JST)

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The 1931 CIE photopic luminosity function. The horizontal axis is wavelength in nm.

Photopic vision is the vision of the eye under well-lit conditions. In humans and many other animals, photopic vision allows color perception, mediated by cone cells, and a significantly higher visual acuity and temporal resolution than available with scotopic vision.

The human eye uses three types of cones to sense light in three bands of color. The biological pigments of the cones have maximum absorption values at wavelengths of about 420 nm (blue), 534 nm (Bluish-Green), resp. 564 nm (Yellowish-Green). Their sensitivity ranges overlap to provide vision throughout the visible spectrum. The maximum efficacy is 683 lm/W at a wavelength of 555 nm (green).^[1]

The wavelengths for when you are in photopic vary with the intensity of light. For the blue-green region (500 nm), 50% of the light reaches the image point of the retina.^[2]

Adaptation is much faster under photopic vision. Adaptation can occur in 5 minutes for photopic vision but it can take 30 minutes to transition from photopic to scotopic.^[2]

Most older adults lose photopic spatial contrast sensitivity. Older adults in their 70s require about three times for more contrast to detect high spatial frequencies than young adults in their 20s.^[3]

The human eye uses scotopic vision under low-light conditions, and mesopic vision in intermediate conditions.

References

^ Pelz, J. (1993). Leslie D. Stroebel, Richard D. Zakia, ed. The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography (3E ed.). Focal Press. p. 467. ISBN 0-240-51417-3.
^ ^a ^b "Molecular Expressions".
^ Burton, Kerri B.; Cynthia Owsley, Michale E. Sloane (4 June 1992). "Aging and Neural Spatial Contrast Sensitivity: Photopic Vision". Vision Research 33 (7): 939–949. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help); |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

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English Journal

Confirming a prediction of the calcium hypothesis of photoreceptor aging in mice.

Berkowitz BA1, Grady EM2, Roberts R2.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Aug;35(8):1883-91. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.020. Epub 2014 Mar 2.
Prior work in healthy rats supported a calcium hypothesis of photoreceptor aging, wherein progressive age-related declines in photopic vision are explainable by the extent of earlier escalating d-cis-diltiazem-insensitive increases in photoreceptor L-type calcium channel (LTCC) activity in vivo. Un
PMID 24680323

The impact of display angles on the legibility of Sans-Serif 5 × 5 capitalized letters.

Cai H1, Li L2.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2014 Jul;45(4):865-77. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
This paper introduced a laboratory study on quantifying the impact of display angles 0.0°-90.0° on the legibility of Sans-Serif 5 × 5 Capitalized Letters C, D, E, F, H, K, N, P, R, U, V, and Z, commonly used for acuity tests. This study addressed three issues not tackled in the previous studies
PMID 24290564

Interactive-cut: Real-time feedback segmentation for translational research.

Egger J1, Lüddemann T2, Schwarzenberg R3, Freisleben B3, Nimsky C4.
Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.Comput Med Imaging Graph.2014 Jun;38(4):285-95. doi: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
In this contribution, a scale-invariant image segmentation algorithm is introduced that "wraps" the algorithm's parameters for the user by its interactive behavior, avoiding the definition of "arbitrary" numbers that the user cannot really understand. Therefore, we designed a specific graph-based se
PMID 24613389