紫外線眼炎
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/27 22:59:10」(JST)
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Photophthalmia /pho·toph·thal·mia/ (fōt″of-thal´me-ah) is ophthalmia or inflammation of the eye, especially of the cornea and conjunctiva due to exposure to intense light of short wavelength (as ultraviolet light), as in snow blindness.[1]
It involves occurrence of multiple epithelial erosions due to the effect of ultraviolet rays, especially between 311 to 290 nm. Snow blindness occurs due to reflection of ultraviolet rays from snow surface. Photoretinitis is another form that can occur due to infra-red rays (eclipse burn of retina).
Contents
- 1 Clinical features
- 2 Prevention
- 3 Treatment
- 4 References
Clinical features
It can present with the following:[2]
- severe burning pain
- lacrimation
- photophobia
- blepharospasm
- swelling of palpebral conjunctiva
- retrotarsal folds
Prevention
Crooke’s glass[3] is a prophylactic aid consisting of a spectacle lens combined with metallic oxides[4] to absorb ultraviolet or infrared rays[5] and should be used by those who are prone to exposure eg. Welding workers, cinema operators.
Treatment
The following may provide relief:[6]
- Cold compresses
- Pad and bandage with antibiotics drops for 24 hours, heals most of the cases
- anaesthetic drops should not be used
- Oral analgesics if pain is intolerable
- Single dose of tranquilizers
References
- ^ "photophthalmia". Merriam-Webster.
- ^ H. V. Nema; Nitin Nema (1 December 2011). Textbook of Ophthalmology. JP Medical Ltd. p. 157. ISBN 978-93-5025-507-0.
- ^ "Colorless crookes glass US 1634182 A". Google Patents. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ^ William Hodson Brock (2008). William Crookes (1832-1919) and the Commercialization of Science. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-7546-6322-5.
- ^ "Crookes glass". medilexicon.com.
- ^ Ilkka Kunnamo (4 March 2005). Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1211. ISBN 978-0-470-01184-3.
English Journal
- Reasons for medical consultation among members of the Indian Scientific Expeditions to Antarctica.
- Bhatia A1, Malhotra P, Agarwal AK.
- International journal of circumpolar health.Int J Circumpolar Health.2013;72:20175. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.20175. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
- The article attempts to analyze the disease burden in a healthy, pre-screened population subjected to prolonged residence in the hostile environment of Antarctica. This retrospective epidemiological study was conducted utilizing data from medical consultation room on board the Indian Antarctic exped
- PMID 23423959
- Photoretinitis: an underestimated occupational injury?
- Magnavita N1.
- Occupational medicine (Oxford, England).Occup Med (Lond).2002 Jun;52(4):223-5.
- Non-ionizing radiation, which is produced in large amounts by welding arcs, may induce photophthalmia, keratoconjunctivitis and cataracts. Retinal injuries resulting from exposure to electric welding arcs have been reported, but such injuries are not commonly seen and may be misdiagnosed. A case is
- PMID 12091589
- [Retinitis photoelectrica caused by electro-welding].
- Garcia A1, Wiegand W.
- Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde.Klin Monbl Augenheilkd.1989 Sep;195(3):187-9.
- The authors report on a student who developed bilateral photoretinitis as a result of failing to use a welding shield properly while arc-welding. The case is unusual in that no symptoms of photophthalmia occurred at any time. The course of the accident is described and the special features of the ca
- PMID 2811183
Japanese Journal
- 八丈島・三宅島における慢性紫外線結膜炎(chronic photophthalmia)に対するウロカン酸点眼剤の効果について
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- 英
- photophthalmia, ultraviolet ophthalmia
- 同
- 電気性眼炎、雪盲、雪眼炎、雪眼 ゆきめ、表層角膜炎