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inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters

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皮膚炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/10 11:42:16」(JST)

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Photodermatitis, sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. The second and subsequent exposures produce photoallergic skin conditions which are often eczematous.

Signs and symptoms

Photodermatitis may result in swelling, a burning sensation, a red itchy rash sometimes resembling small blisters, and peeling of the skin. Nausea may also occur. There may also be blotches where the itching may persist for long periods of time. In these areas an unsightly orange to brown tint may form, usually near or on the face.

Causes

Many medications and conditions can cause sun sensitivity, including:

Sulfa used in some drugs, among them some antibiotics, diuretics, COX-2 inhibitors, and diabetes drugs.^[1]
Psoralens, coal tars, photo-active dyes (eosin, acridine orange)
Musk ambrette, methylcoumarin, lemon oil (may be present in fragrances)
PABA (found in sunscreens)
Salicylanilide (found in industrial cleaners)
St John's Wort, used to treat clinical depression
Hexachlorophene (found in some ℞ antibacterial soaps)
Contact with sap from Giant Hogweed. Common Rue (Ruta graveolins) is another phototoxic plant commonly found in gardens
Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline)
Benzoyl peroxide
Retinoids (e.g., isotretinoin)
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen sodium)
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic: Sparfloxacin in 2% of cases
Amiodarone, used to treat atrial fibrillation
Pellagra

Photodermatitis can also be caused by plants. This is called phytophotodermatitis.

Prevention

Prevention includes avoiding exposure to the sun and wearing sun block on the affected area.

Cover up: wear long sleeves, slacks, and a wide-brimmed hat whenever harsh exposure is probable
Avoid chemicals that may trigger a reaction
Wear sunscreen^[2]^[3] at least factor 30 with a high UVA protection level
Wear gloves and/or remain indoors after handling fruits or plants which increase sensitivity to light

References

^ http://allergies.about.com/od/medicationallergies/a/sulfa.htm
^ Archived AAD - The Sun and Your Skin, "Allergic Reactions" section
^ AAD - Sunscreens

UpToDate Contents

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1. 皮膚炎の概要 overview of dermatitis
2. 放射線皮膚炎 radiation dermatitis
3. 成人における刺激性接触皮膚炎 irritant contact dermatitis in adults
4. うっ滞性皮膚炎 stasis dermatitis
5. おむつ皮膚炎 diaper dermatitis

English Journal

Mangiferin and naringenin affect the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone.

Kawakami CM1, Gaspar LR2.
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.J Photochem Photobiol B.2015 Oct;151:239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 15.
Efficient UV-absorbing molecules are designed to protect against UV-light exposure. However, the development of photostable sunscreens is important to preserve the photoprotective efficacy and to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photodegradation products, which can promote
PMID 26318281

Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Chlorpromazine: A Report of 2 Cases.

Esteve-Martínez A1, Ninet Zaragoza V2, de la Cuadra Oyanguren J2, Oliver-Martínez V2.
Actas dermo-sifiliográficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2015 Jul-Aug;106(6):518-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.12.006. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
PMID 25704376

Development of a clinical score system for the diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis using a consensus process: item selection and reliability.

Cazzaniga S1, Lecchi S1, Bruze M2, Chosidow O3,4,5,6, Diepgen T7, Gonçalo M8, Hercogova J9, Pigatto PD10, Naldi L1,11.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2015 Jul;29(7):1376-81. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12879. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
BACKGROUND: Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is an uncommon condition, and there is a lack of validated criteria for its diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To identify a set of relevant criteria to be considered when suspecting a diagnosis of PACD and to assess the reproducibility of these criteria.METHODS
PMID 25470766

Japanese Journal

ヒドロクロロチアジド配合降圧薬による光線過敏型薬疹の8例 : 光毒性 ? 光アレルギー性 ? 光線テストによる作用機序の考察

車地祐子
Journal of environmental dermatology and cutaneous allergology = / the Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis
NAID 10031190566

日光とアトピー性皮膚炎

堀尾武
皮膚の科学 5(Suppl.7), B34-B37, 2006
アトピー性皮膚炎が，日光曝露で増悪すると信じている患者は少なくない。また，患者にそのように指導する医師もある。アトピー性皮膚炎を日光増悪性疾患の1つにあげる皮膚科学の教科書もある。多形日光疹，慢性光線性皮膚炎，光接触皮膚炎などの光線過敏症がアトピー性皮膚炎に合併することはあってもアトピー性皮膚炎の日光による増悪を裏付ける直接的な証拠はほとんど得られていない。多くの場合，日光による皮膚温上昇と発汗に …
NAID 130004934486

光アレルギー性接触皮膚炎の免疫学的分子機構

戸倉新樹
産業医科大学雑誌 25(4), 387-395, 2003-12-01
外的化学物質が皮膚に塗布され,紫外線(UV)特にUVAが同皮膚に照射されて生じる皮膚炎を光接触皮膚炎と言う.光接触皮膚炎には光毒性機序によるものと光アレルギー性機序によるものとがあり,後者の方が臨床的に高頻度である.通常の接触皮膚炎と同様に光接触皮膚炎においてもランゲルハンス細胞(LC)は抗原提示細胞として働く.ほとんどの光接触皮膚炎を起こす化学物質は光ハプテンとしての性格を持つ.これはUVA照射 …
NAID 110001259587

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「光アレルギー性皮膚炎」「photoallergic contact dermatitis」
関連記事	「photoallergic」

「光アレルギー性皮膚炎」

Photodermatitis
	Classification and external resources
	; An image of a patch of sun poisoning on the left forearm
ICD-10	L57.8
ICD-9	692.79
DiseasesDB	24609
MeSH	D010787