phosphorylase

ホスホリラーゼ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/24 12:00:50」(JST)

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Phosphorylase
Identifiers
EC number	2.4.1.1
CAS number	9035-74-9
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.

A-B + P A + P-B

They include allosteric enzymes that catalyze the production of glucose-1-phosphate from a glucan such as glycogen, starch or maltodextrin. Phosphorylase is also a common name used for glycogen phosphorylase in honor of Earl W. Sutherland Jr. who in the late 1930s discovered the first phosphorylase.

FunctionEdit

Phosphorylases should not be confused with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups. In more general terms, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate + hydrogen) to an acceptor, not to be confused with a phosphatase (a hydrolase) or a kinase (a phosphotransferase). A phosphatase removes a phosphonate group from a donor using water, whereas a kinase transfers a phosphonate group from a donor (usually ATP) to an acceptor.

Enzyme name	Enzymes class	Reaction	Notes
Phosphorylase	Transferase (EC 2.4 and EC 2.7.7)	A-B + H-OP A-OP + H-B	transfer group = A = glycosyl- group or nucleotidyl- group
Phosphatase	Hydrolase (EC 3)	P-B + H-OH P-OH + H-B
Kinase	Transferase (EC 2.7.1-2.7.4)	P-B + H-A P-A + H-B	transfer group = P
P = phosphonate group, OP = phosphate group, H-OP or P-OH = inorganic phosphate

TypesEdit

The phosphorylases fall into the following categories:

• Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
  • Enzymes that break down glucans by removing a glucose residue (break O-glycosidic bond)
    • glycogen phosphorylase
    • starch phosphorylase
    • maltodextrin phosphorylase
  • Enzymes that break down nucleosides into their constituent bases and sugars (break N-glycosidic bond)
    • Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase)
• Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7)
  • Enzymes that have phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity (break phosphodiester bond)
    • RNase PH
    • Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase)

All known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties [1].

ActivationEdit

Phosphorylase a is the active form of glycogen phosphorylase that is derived from the phosphorylation of the inactive form, phosphorylase b.

PathologyEdit

Some disorders are related to phosphorylases:

• Glycogen storage disease type V - muscle glycogen
• Glycogen storage disease type VI - liver glycogen

See alsoEdit

• Hydrolase

ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

• Muscle phosphorylase deficiency - McArdle's Disease Website
• Phosphorylases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ホスホリラーゼbキナーゼ欠損症 phosphorylase b kinase deficiency
• 2. 肝ホスホリラーゼ欠損症（糖原病VI型、エール病） liver phosphorylase deficiency glycogen storage disease vi hers disease
• 3. プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ欠損症 purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
• 4. Myophosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease V, McArdle disease)
• 5. 幼児および小児における低血糖症の病因 etiology of hypoglycemia in infants and children

English Journal

• Properties of a glycogen like polysaccharide produced by a mutant of Escherichia coli lacking glycogen synthase and maltodextrin phosphorylase.

• Kwak JY1, Kim MG2, Kim YW2, Ban HS3, Won MS3, Park JT4, Park KH5.
• Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Jan 20;136:649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.091. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
• Escherichia coli mutant TBP38 lacks glycogen synthase (GlgA) and maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP). When grown on maltose in fed-batch fermentation TBP38 accumulated more than 50-fold higher glycogen-type polysaccharide than its parental strain. The polysaccharides were extracted at different growth
• PMID 26572397

• Urine Purine Metabolite Determination by UPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

• Sun Q1.
• Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1378:227-35. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3182-8_24.
• Inborn errors of purine metabolism, either deficiencies of synthesis or catabolism pathways, lead to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations: urolithiasis (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase), primary immune deficiency (adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency),
• PMID 26602134

• CsrA Participates in a PNPase Autoregulatory Mechanism by Selectively Repressing Translation of pnp Transcripts That Have Been Previously Processed by RNase III and PNPase.

• Park H1, Yakhnin H1, Connolly M1, Romeo T2, Babitzke P3.
• Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2015 Dec 15;197(24):3751-9. doi: 10.1128/JB.00721-15. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
• Csr is a conserved global regulatory system that represses or activates gene expression posttranscriptionally. CsrA of Escherichia coli is a homodimeric RNA binding protein that regulates transcription elongation, translation initiation, and mRNA stability by binding to the 5' untranslated leader or
• PMID 26438818

Japanese Journal

• Production and application of a rare disaccharide using sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides

• Morimoto Kenji,Yoshihara Akihide,Furumoto Toshio [他]
• Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 119(6), 652-656, 2015-06
• NAID 40020500246

• Properties and functions of the storage sites of glycogen phosphorylase

• Makino Yasushi,Fujii Yuta,Taniguchi Motoi
• The journal of biochemistry 157(6), 451-458, 2015-06
• NAID 40020489240

• Ochromonas danica由来1,3-β-グルカンホスホリラーゼの特性と応用(応用糖質科学シンポジウム)

• 磯野 直人,山本 豊,西尾 昌洋,梅川 逸人,久松 眞
• 応用糖質科学 : 日本応用糖質科学会誌 5(2), 128-134, 2015-05-20
• 1,3-β-グルカンホスホリラーゼ(BGP)は1,3-β-グルコシド結合の加リン酸分解を可逆的に触媒する酵素である。BGPは40年以上前に発見された酵素であるが,研究報告がほとんどなく,詳細な性質が明らかにされてこなかった。本研究ではOchromonas danica由来BGP(OdBGP)の特性と一次構造を調べた。本酵素は三糖以上のラミナリオリゴ糖からラミナリンまで,幅広い分子量の糖質の加リン酸 …
• NAID 110009964190

Related Links

• ホスホリラーゼ【phosphorylase】の意味 - 国語辞書 - goo辞書

ホスホリラーゼ【phosphorylase】とは。意味や解説、類語。でんぷん・グリコーゲンなどを加燐酸(かりんさん)分解する酵素の総称。フォスフォリラーゼ。ホスホリラーゼホスファターゼ【phosphorylase phosphatase】⇒プロテインホスファターゼ

• phosphorylase - definition of phosphorylase by Medical dictionary

phosphorylase /phos·phor·y·lase/ (fos-for´ĭ-lās) 1. any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycosides, transferring the cleaved glycosyl group to inorganic phosphate. When not qualified with the substrate name ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ホスホリラーゼ」「PR」「ピロホスホリラーゼ」「加リン酸分解酵素」
拡張検索	「purine nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency」「UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase」「uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase」「hepatophosphorylase deficiency glycogenosis」「uridine phosphorylase」

「ホスホリラーゼ」

　　[★]

英

phosphorylase, PR

同

リン酸付加分解酵素、グリコーゲンホスホリラーゼ glycogen phosphorylase、アミロホスホリラーゼ amylophosphorylase

• グリコーゲン、デンプンなどを加リン酸分解する酵素

「PR」

　　[★]

• 部分寛解 partial remission
• 肺動脈弁閉鎖不全症 肺動脈弁閉鎖不全症 pulmonary regurgitation
• ホスホリラーゼ phosphorylase
• プロゲステロン progesterone
• プロトロンビン比 prothrombin ratio
• (心電図)PR interval

　

「ピロホスホリラーゼ」

　　[★]

英

pyrophosphorylase

関

ホスホリラーゼ phosphorylase

• ピロリン酸を放出する反応を触媒

「加リン酸分解酵素」

　　[★]

英

phosphorylase

関

ホスホリラーゼ

「purine nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency」

　　[★]

同

PNP deficiency

同

PNP deficiency

「UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase」

　　[★] UDPグルコースピロホスホリラーゼ

「uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase」

　　[★] UDPグルコースピロホスホリラーゼ

「hepatophosphorylase deficiency glycogenosis」

　　[★] 肝ホスホリラーゼ欠損性糖原病

「uridine phosphorylase」

　　[★]

ウリジンホスホリラーゼ