φ

WordNet

the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet
someone who appreciates wine (同)oenophile

PrepTutorEJDIC

ファイ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第21字Ф,φ;英語のphに相当)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/09 01:32:43」(JST)

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This article is about the letter of the Greek alphabet. For other uses, see Phi (disambiguation).

Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase φ, or math symbol ϕ), pronounced /faɪ/ FY or sometimes /fiː/ FEE in English,^[1] and [ˈfi] in modern Greek, is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In modern Greek, it represents [f], a voiceless labiodental fricative. In Ancient Greek it represented [pʰ], an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive (from which English ultimately inherits the spelling "ph" in words derived from Greek). In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 500 (φʹ) or 500,000 (͵φ). The Cyrillic letter Ef (Ф, ф) arose from Φ.

Use as a symbol

The lower-case letter φ (or often its variant, ϕ) is often used to represent the following:

The golden ratio in mathematics, art, and architecture.
Euler's totient function φ(n) in number theory; also called Euler's phi function.
In algebra, group or ring homomorphisms
In probability theory, ϕ(x) = (2π)^−½e^−x²/2 is the probability density function of the normal distribution.
In probability theory, φ_X(t) = E[e^itX] is the characteristic function of a random variable X.
An angle, typically the second angle mentioned, after θ (theta). Especially:
- The argument of a complex number.
- The phase of a wave in signal processing.
- In spherical coordinates, mathematicians usually refer to phi as the polar angle (from the z-axis). The convention in physics is to use phi as the azimuthal angle (from the x-axis).
- One of the dihedral angles in the backbones of proteins.
- Internal or effective angle of friction.
The work function in electronics.
A shorthand representation for an aromatic functional group in organic chemistry.
The fugacity coefficient in thermodynamics.
The ratio of free energy destabilizations of protein mutants in phi value analysis.
In cartography and navigation, latitude.
In combustion engineering, equivalence ratio. The ratio between the actual fuel air ratio to the stoichiometric fuel air ratio.
A sentence in first-order logic.
Porosity in geology and hydrology.
Strength (or resistance) reduction factor in structural engineering, used to account for statistical variabilities in materials and construction methods.
The symbol for a voiceless bilabial fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet (using the straight line variant character)
In economics, this is usually an additive term.^{[clarification needed]}
In flight dynamics, the roll angle.
In philosophy, φ is often used as shorthand for a generic act. (Also in upper-case.)

The upper-case letter Φ is used as a symbol for:

The golden ratio conjugate −0.618... in mathematics.
The magnetic flux and electric flux in physics, with subscripts distinguishing the two.
The cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution in mathematics and statistics.
In philosophy, Φ is often used as shorthand for a generic act. (Also in lower-case.)
The number of phases in a power system in electrical engineering, for example 1Φ for single phase, 3Φ for three phase.
A common symbol for the parametrization of a surface in vector calculus.
In Lacanian algebra, Φ stands for the imaginary phallus and also represents phallic signification. -Φ stands in for castration.^[2]

The diameter symbol in engineering, ⌀, is often incorrectly^{[citation needed]} referred to as "phi". This symbol is used to indicate the diameter of a circular section, for example "⌀14", means the diameter of the circle is 14 units.

Computing

In Unicode, there are multiple forms of the phi letter:

Character	Name	Correct appearance	Your browser	Usage
U+03A6	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI		Φ	used in Greek texts
U+03C6	GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI	or	φ	used in Greek texts (contrary to what is shown here, it is normally not italicized)
U+03D5	GREEK PHI SYMBOL		ϕ	used in mathematical and technical contexts^[3]
U+0278	LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI		ɸ	used in IPA to symbolise a voiceless bilabial fricative

In some older fonts that are not yet compatible with Unicode 3.0 from 1998, the U+03D5 GREEK PHI SYMBOL might be represented by the "loopy" symbol instead.^[3] This is no longer a correct representation. The U+03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI may be presented as either the "stroked" glyph, but preferably as the "loopy" glyph.^[3]

In HTML/XHTML, the upper and lower case phi character entity references are Φ (Φ) and φ (φ) respectively.

In LaTeX, the math symbols are \Phi (), \phi (), and \varphi ().

References

^ [faɪ]: Collins English Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1991); New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. (2005) (transcribed "[fʌɪ] "). [fiː] is used increasingly in the media, especially when representing the golden ratio: see, for example, The Da Vinci Code and the Criminal Minds episode, "Masterpiece".
^ Evans, Dylans (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Routledge. pp. 145. ISBN 978-0-415-13523-8. http://books.google.com/?id=qwVVhLaiULEC&pg=PA145.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Representative Glyphs for Greek Phi" (PDF). UTR #25: Unicode support for mathematics. http://unicode.org/reports/tr25/#_Toc231.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 予防接種に対する免疫応答の評価 assessing the immunologic response to vaccination
2. コルチコトロピン-放出ホルモン（CRH）の生理学 physiology of corticotropin releasing hormone
3. 新生児における脳室内出血のマネージメントおよび合併症 management and complications of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn
4. 血管作動性腸管ポリペプチド vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
5. 高二酸化炭素血症の許容（Permissive hypercapnia） permissive hypercapnia

English Journal

B-MIC: An Ultrafast Three-Level Parallel Sequence Aligner Using MIC.

Cui Y1, Liao X1, Zhu X2, Wang B3, Peng S4.
Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences.Interdiscip Sci.2016 Mar;8(1):28-34. doi: 10.1007/s12539-015-0278-5. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
Sequence alignment is the central process for sequence analysis, where mapping raw sequencing data to reference genome. The large amount of data generated by NGS is far beyond the process capabilities of existing alignment tools. Consequently, sequence alignment becomes the bottleneck of sequence an
PMID 26358141

Temporal progression of evoked field potentials in neocortical slices after unilateral hypoxia-ischemia in perinatal rats: Correlation with cortical epileptogenesis.

Kadam SD1, Dudek FE2.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 Mar 1;316:232-48. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.029. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
Infarcts of the neonatal cerebral cortex can lead to progressive epilepsy, which is characterized by time-dependent increases in seizure frequency after the infarct and by shifts in seizure-onset zones from focal to multi-focal. Using a rat model of unilateral perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI), where
PMID 26724579

Unit and internal chain profile of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) amylopectin.

Gayin J1, Abdel-Aal el-SM2, Manful J3, Bertoft E4.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Feb 10;137:466-72. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.008. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
High-performance anion-exchange chromatography was used to study the unit chain profiles of amylopectins and their φ,β-limit dextrins from two African rice (Oryza glaberrima) accessions-TOG 12440 and IRGC 103759. The samples were compared with two Asian rice (Oryza sativa) samples (cv Koshihikari
PMID 26686152

Japanese Journal

Xeon Phiクラスタにおける並列FFTの自動チューニング

高橋大介
計算工学講演会論文集 Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Engineering and Science 20, 4p, 2015-06
NAID 40020496128

Research Trends in Evidence-Based Medicine: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of More than 50 Years of Publication Data

Hung Bui The,Long Nguyen Phuoc,Hung Le Phi,Luan Nguyen Thien,Anh Nguyen Hoang,Nghi Tran Diem,Van Hieu Mai,Trang Nguyen Thi Huyen,Rafidinarivo Herizo Fabien,Anh Nguyen Ky,Hawkes David,Huy Nguyen Tien,Hirayama Kenji
PLOS ONE 10(4), e0121054, 2015-04-07
Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has developed as the dominant paradigm of assessment of evidence that is used in clinical practice. Since its development, EBM has been applied to integrate th …
NAID 120005611346

Xeon Phi を用いた大規模球形気泡群の数値解析 (非線形波動現象のメカニズムと数理)

栗原央流,池田英人,濱川洋充
数理解析研究所講究録 1946, 22-30, 2015-04
NAID 110009917123

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Φ」
拡張検索	「PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism」「eosinophilic pustular dermatosis」「anemophily」
関連記事	「PHI」「p」

「Φ」

Greek alphabet
History
	Archaic local variants ; ; ; ; ; ;
	Ligatures (ϛ, ȣ, ϗ); Diacritics;
	Numerals (6) (90) (900)
In other languages
	Bactrian; Coptic; Albanian;
Scientific symbols
	Book; Category; Commons; view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

(小文字)φ
日: ファイ
ラ: phi; http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6

直径を表す記号

似て非なる物はΨ プサイ psi

「PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism」

　　[★]

同: PCR-SSCP
同: PCR-SSCP

「eosinophilic pustular dermatosis」

　　[★] 好酸球性膿疱性皮膚症

「anemophily」

　　[★]

風媒

関: anemophilous

「PHI」

　　[★]

ペプチドヒスチジンイソロイシン

関: peptide PHI

「p」

　　[★]

ピコ

10の-12乗

関: pico

[0] [faɪ]: Collins English Dictionary, 3rd ed. (1991); New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. (2005) (transcribed "[fʌɪ] "). [fiː] is used increasingly in the media, especially when representing the golden ratio: see, for example, The Da Vinci Code and the Criminal Minds episode, "Masterpiece".

[1] Evans, Dylans (1996). An introductory dictionary of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Routledge. pp. 145. ISBN 978-0-415-13523-8. http://books.google.com/?id=qwVVhLaiULEC&pg=PA145.

[unicode-math-2] "Representative Glyphs for Greek Phi" (PDF). UTR #25: Unicode support for mathematics. http://unicode.org/reports/tr25/#_Toc231.

Greek alphabet

Αα	Alpha	Νν	Nu
Ββ	Beta	Ξξ	Xi
Γγ	Gamma	Οο	Omicron
Δδ	Delta	Ππ	Pi
Εε	Epsilon	Ρρ	Rho
Ζζ	Zeta	Σσς	Sigma
Ηη	Eta	Ττ	Tau
Θθ	Theta	Υυ	Upsilon
Ιι	Iota	Φφ	Phi
Κκ	Kappa	Χχ	Chi
Λλ	Lambda	Ψψ	Psi
Μμ	Mu	Ωω	Omega
History
Archaic local variants
Ligatures (ϛ, ȣ, ϗ) Diacritics
Numerals (6) (90) (900)
In other languages
Bactrian Coptic Albanian
Scientific symbols
Book Category Commons view talk edit

匿名

検索

案内

案内

phi