WordNet

an antihistamine used in preparations to treat allergies and respiratory infections; used to treat rhinitis and skin rashes and pruritus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/30 16:37:05」(JST)

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Pheniramine (INN, trade name Avil, among others) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It has relatively strong sedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Pheniramine is also commonly found in eyedrops used for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Pheniramine is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug, although some formulations are available containing pheniramine by itself. As an example, Neo Citran contains pheniramine.

Chemical relatives

Derivatives of pheniramine include chlorphenamine, dexchlorpheniramine, dexbrompheniramine, deschlorpheniramine, triprolidine, and brompheniramine. Two other halogenated derivatives, iodopheniramine and fluorpheniramine, are currently in use for research on combination therapies for malaria and some cancers. The halogenation of pheniramine increases its potency by 20-fold.

Side effects

Pheniramine may cause drowsiness, bradycardia and over-dosage may lead to sleep disorders. Overdose may lead to seizures, especially in combination with alcohol. People combining with cortisol in the long term should avoid pheniramine as it may cause lowered levels of adrenaline (epinephrine) which may lead to loss of consciousness.

References

Leaflet on Avil^{[dead link]} by The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners

External links

MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Pheniramine overdose

UpToDate Contents

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1. アレルギー性結膜炎：マネージメント allergic conjunctivitis management
2. 結膜炎 conjunctivitis
3. 翼状片 pterygium

English Journal

Multidrug analysis of pharmaceutical and urine matrices by on-line coupled capillary electrophoresis and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Maráková K, Piešt'anský J, Veizerová L, Galba J, Dokupilová S, Havránek E, Mikuš P.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Journal of separation science.J Sep Sci.2013 Jun;36(11):1805-16. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200980. Epub 2013 Apr 27.
The present work illustrates potentialities of CE hyphenated with MS/MS for the simultaneous determination and identification of a mixture of simultaneously acting drugs in pharmaceutical and biological matrices. Here, the hyphenation was provided by ESI interface, while the MS/MS technique was base
PMID 23494966

Assessment of protective effects of pheniramine maleate on reperfusion injury in lung after distant organ ischemia: a rat model.

Gokalp O, Yurekli I, Kiray M, Bagriyanik A, Yetkin U, Yurekli BS, Gur S, Aksun M, Satoglu IS, Gokalp G, Gurbuz A.SourceDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey. gokalporhan@yahoo.com
Vascular and endovascular surgery.Vasc Endovascular Surg.2013 Apr;47(3):219-24. doi: 10.1177/1538574413475885. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of methylprednisolone (MP) and pheniramine maleate (PM) on reperfusion injury of lungs developing after ischemia of the left lower extremity of rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 randomly selected male rats were divided
PMID 23377174

Effects of dexamethasone and pheniramine hydrogen maleate on stress response in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Karaman K, Bostanci EB, Aksoy E, Ulas M, Yigit T, Erdemli MO, Ercin U, Bilgihan A, Saydam G, Akoglu M.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. keremkaraman1972@yahoo.com
American journal of surgery.Am J Surg.2013 Feb;205(2):213-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) still leads to significant postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone or pheniramine hydrogen maleate, either alone or combined, in reducing the stress response and symptoms after LC.METHODS:
PMID 22944391

Japanese Journal

Artificial Neural Network Combined with Principal Component Analysis for Resolution of Complex Pharmaceutical Formulations

Ioele Giuseppina,De Luca Michele,Dinç Erdal,Oliverio Filomena,Ragno Gaetano
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 59(1), 35-40, 2011
… A chemometric approach based on the combined use of the principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the multicomponent determination of caffeine (CAF), mepyramine (MEP), phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and pheniramine (PNA) in their pharmaceutical preparations without any chemical separation. …
NAID 130000405485

Goat ureter-an alternative model for measuring ureteral peristalsis

SMITA Karpate,SUSHIL KUMAR Verma,PREMENDRAN John,SHARMA Mohan Lal
日本平滑筋学会機関誌 42(4), 117-130, 2006-08
… The spontaneous peristaltic reflex of the goat ureter (7±2 per 2 min) showed a 50% increase in the frequency of contraction (13.66±1.6, P<0.001) after application of histamine at a concentration of between 6.512μM and 13.024μM, but was blocked completely by 10.4μM of pheniramine (P>0.05). …
NAID 110004851898

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フェニラミン」「pheniramine maleate」
拡張検索	「chlorpheniramine maleate」「chlorpheniramine polistirex」「dexbrompheniramine」「dexchlorpheniramine」「chlorpheniramine」

「フェニラミン」

Pheniramine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
MedlinePlus	a606008
Pregnancy cat.	A (AU) C (US)
Legal status	?
Routes	Oral ; injection (intramuscular or slow intravenous); topical (ophthalmic/nasal solution)
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Hepatic hydroxylation, demethylation and glucuronidation
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
CAS number	86-21-5
ATC code	R06AB05
PubChem	CID 4761
DrugBank	DB01620
ChemSpider	4597
UNII	134FM9ZZ6M
KEGG	D08355
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1193
Chemical data
Formula	C16H20N2
Mol. mass	240.343 g/mol
	SMILES n1ccccc1C(c2ccccc2)CCN(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H20N2/c1-18(2)13-11-15(14-8-4-3-5-9-14)16-10-6-7-12-17-16/h3-10,12,15H,11,13H2,1-2H3 ; Key:IJHNSHDBIRRJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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