retained; not shed; "persistent leaves remain attached past maturity"; "the persistent gills of fishes" (同)lasting
(zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open
A persistent cloaca is a symptom of a complex anorectal congenital disorder, in which the rectum, vagina, and urinary tract meet and fuse, creating a cloaca, a single common channel.[1]
Contents
1Signs and symptoms
2Diagnosis
3Treatment
4See also
5References
6External links
Signs and symptoms
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Cloacas appear in a wide spectrum of variation in females born with the malformation. The single orifice, called a common channel, may occur varying in length from 1 to 10 cm. The length of the common channel can be used to judge prognostic outcomes and technical challenges during surgical repair. A common channel less than 3 cm in length usually has good sphincter muscles and a well-developed sacrum.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a female with cloaca should be suspected in a female born with an imperforate anus and small looking genitalia. The diagnosis can be made clinically. Failure to identify a cloaca as being present in a newborn may be dangerous, as more than 90% have associated urological problems. The goal for treatment of a female born with cloaca is to achieve bowel control, urinary control, and sexual function, which includes menstruation, sexual intercourse, and possibly pregnancy. Cloacas probably occur in 1 in 20,000 live births.[2][3]
Treatment
The prognostic outcomes for this type of cloaca are good for bowel control and urinary function. The surgical repair for this type of cloaca can usually be done by performing posterior sagittal approach without opening of the abdomen. A common channel longer than 3 cm in length usually has poor sphincter muscles and a poor sacrum, suggesting a prognostic outcome for bowel control and urinary function to be less likely. Common channels longer than 3 cm are generally considered more complex and more technically challenging in surgical repair.[2]
See also
Cloaca (embryology)
Cloaca
References
^Jenkins D, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Thomasson L, et al. (2007), "Mutational analyses of UPIIIA, SHH, EFNB2 and HNF1β in persistent cloaca and associated kidney malformations", J Pediatr Urol, 3 (1): 2–9, doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.03.002, PMC 1864944, PMID 17476318.
^ abSpitz, Lewis; Coran, Arnold G (2006), Operative Pediatric Surgery (6th ed.), London: Hodder Arnold, pp. 503–519.
^Ashcroft, Keith; Holcomb, George; Murphy, J Patrick (2005), Pediatric Surgery (4th ed.), Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp. 496–517.
External links
Classification
D
ICD-10: Q43.7
ICD-9-CM: 751.5
External resources
eMedicine: ped/2924
v
t
e
Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system
Upper GI tract
Tongue, mouth and pharynx
Cleft lip and palate
Van der Woude syndrome
tongue
Ankyloglossia
Macroglossia
Hypoglossia
Esophagus
EA/TEF
Esophageal atresia: types A, B, C, and D
Tracheoesophageal fistula: types B, C, D and E
esophageal rings
Esophageal web (upper)
Schatzki ring (lower)
Stomach
Pyloric stenosis
Hiatus hernia
Lower GI tract
Intestines
Intestinal atresia
Duodenal atresia
Meckel's diverticulum
Hirschsprung's disease
Intestinal malrotation
Dolichocolon
Enteric duplication cyst
Rectum/anal canal
Imperforate anus
Rectovestibular fistula
Persistent cloaca
Rectal atresia
Accessory
Pancreas
Annular pancreas
Accessory pancreas
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome
Pancreas divisum
Bile duct
Choledochal cysts
Caroli disease
Biliary atresia
Liver
Alagille syndrome
Polycystic liver disease
UpToDate Contents
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persistent cloaca [pərsis′tənt] Etymology: L, persistere, to persist, cloaca, sewer a congenital anomaly in which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive ducts open into a common cavity, a result of the failure of the urorectal septum to ...
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