関: myeloperoxidase

WordNet

any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/29 16:55:03」(JST)

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Peroxidases (EC number 1.11.1.x) are a large family of enzymes that typically catalyze a reaction of the form:

ROOR' + electron donor (2 e^-) + 2H⁺ → ROH + R'OH

For many of these enzymes the optimal substrate is hydrogen peroxide, but others are more active with organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides. Peroxidases can contain a heme cofactor in their active sites, or alternately redox-active cysteine or selenocysteine residues.

The nature of the electron donor is very dependent on the structure of the enzyme.

For example, horseradish peroxidase can use a variety of organic compounds as electron donors and acceptors. Horseradish peroxidase has an accessible active site, and many compounds can reach the site of the reaction.
Because there is a very closed active site, for an enzyme such as cytochrome c peroxidase, the compounds that donate electrons are very specific.

While the exact mechanisms have yet to be elucidated, peroxidases are known to play a part in increasing a plant's defenses against pathogens.^[1] Peroxidases are sometimes used as histological marker. Cytochrome c peroxidase is used as a soluble, easily purified model for cytochrome c oxidase.

The glutathione peroxidase family consists of 8 known human isoforms. Glutathione peroxidases use glutathione as an electron donor and are active with both hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide substrates. Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, and Gpx4 have been shown to be selenium-containing enzymes, whereas Gpx6 is a selenoprotein in humans with cysteine-containing homologues in rodents.

Amyloid beta, when bound to heme, has been shown to have peroxidase activity.^[2]

A typical group of peroxidases are the haloperoxidases. This group is able to form reactive halogen species and, as a result, natural organohalogen substances.

A majority of peroxidase protein sequences can be found in the PeroxiBase database.

Applications

Peroxidase can be used for treatment of industrial waste waters. For example, phenols, which are important pollutants, can be removed by enzyme-catalyzed polymerization using horseradish peroxidase. Thus phenols are oxidized to phenoxy radicals, which participate in reactions where polymers and oligomers are produced that are less toxic than phenols. It also can be used to convert toxic materials into more harmless substances.

Furthermore, peroxidases can be made out of the fecal matter of rats and chickens and eaten off human skin.^[3] There are many investigations about the use of peroxidase in many manufacturing processes like adhesives, computer chips, car parts, and linings of drums and cans. Other studies have shown that peroxidases may be used successfully to polymerize anilines and phenols in organic solvent matrices.^[4]

References

^ Karthikeyan M et al. (December 2005). "Induction of resistance in host against the infection of leaf blight pathogen (Alternaria palandui) in onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum)". Indian J Biochem Biophys 42 (6): 371–7. PMID 16955738.
^ Hani Atamna, Kathleen Boyle (21 February 2006). "Amyloid-{beta} peptide binds with heme to form a peroxidase: Relationship to the cytopathologies of Alzheimer's disease". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 103 (9): 3381–3386. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600134103. PMC 1413946. PMID 16492752.
^ Raffer, R., L. J. Orms, and L. Regers. 2011. Fecal Matter Observation and Uses. Argentina, Olangappo: The Olangappo Research Center. 1001 pages.
^ Tuhela, L., G. K. Sims, and O. Tuovinen. 1989. Polymerization of substituted anilines, phenols, and heterocyclic compounds by peroxidase in organic solvents. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. 58 pages.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 橋本病（慢性自己免疫性甲状腺炎）の病因 pathogenesis of hashimotos thyroiditis chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
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4. 血清ビリルビン定量の臨床的側面 clinical aspects of serum bilirubin determination
5. Treatment of nontoxic, nonobstructive goiter

English Journal

Effects of clove essential oil and eugenol on quality and browning control of fresh-cut lettuce.

Chen X1, Ren L2, Li M1, Qian J2, Fan J3, Du B1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Jan 1;214:432-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.101. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
This study confirmed the inhibitory effects of clove essential oil (CEO) and eugenol (EUG) on the browning and relevant enzymes of fresh-cut lettuce, and examined associated mechanisms by inhibition kinetics and computational docking analysis. Fresh-cut lettuce was treated with 0.05% CEO and 0.05% E
PMID 27507495

Electrochemical magnetic beads-based immunosensing platform for the determination of α-lactalbumin in milk.

Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V1, Campuzano S2, Torrente-Rodríguez RM3, Reviejo AJ4, Pingarrón JM5.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Dec 15;213:595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.004. Epub 2016 Jul 5.
Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) is one of the whey proteins in cows' milk that has been identified as allergenic. In this work, we present, for the first time, a very sensitive magnetic beads (MBs)-based immunosensor for the determination of α-LA. A sandwich configuration involving selective capture and
PMID 27451223

Bipolar disorder and antithyroid antibodies: review and case series.

Bocchetta A1, Traccis F2, Mosca E3, Serra A4, Tamburini G5, Loviselli A6.
International journal of bipolar disorders.Int J Bipolar Disord.2016 Dec;4(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40345-016-0046-4. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Mood disorders and circulating thyroid antibodies are very prevalent in the population and their concomitant occurrence may be due to chance. However, thyroid antibodies have been repeatedly hypothesized to play a role in specific forms of mood disorders. Potentially related forms include treatment-
PMID 26869176

Japanese Journal

The peroxidase activity of bleomycin-Fe³⁺ is associated with damage to biological components

Miura Toshiaki
The journal of biochemistry 157(4), 217-224, 2015-04
NAID 40020428748

The influences of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with a lower pressure and oxygen concentration than previous methods on physiological mechanisms in dogs

ISHIBASHI Maki,HAYASHI Akiyoshi,AKIYOSHI Hideo [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 77(3), 297-304, 2015-03
NAID 40020411797

MPCポリマーを用いたHRP安定化システム

伊藤恵,菅原拓郎,榊秀次郎
秋田工業高等専門学校研究紀要 50, 45-50, 2015-02-28
… Horse radish peroxidase (HRP) is stable in case of freeze powder, but denatured in case of solution. …
NAID 110009900703

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ペルオキシダーゼ」「PO」「過酸化酵素」
拡張検索	「uricase-peroxidase method」「thyroid peroxidase」

「ペルオキシダーゼ」

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Peroxidase
	Glutathione Peroxidase 1
Identifiers
Symbol	peroxidase
Pfam	PF00141
InterPro	IPR002016
PROSITE	PDOC00394
SCOP	1hsr
SUPERFAMILY	1hsr
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary