関: Pasteurella infection、Pasteurellaceae infection

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/03 12:23:28」(JST)

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Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacteria genus Pasteurella,^[1] which is found in humans and animals. (Until taxonomic revision in 1999,^[2] Mannheimia spp. were classified as Pasteurella spp., and infections by organisms now called Mannheimia spp., as well as by organisms now called Pasteurella spp., were designated as pasteurellosis. The term "pasteurellosis" is often still applied to mannheimiosis, although such usage has declined.)

Pasteurella multocida (P. septica) is carried in mouth and respiratory tract of several animals, notably cats. It is a small Gram negative bacillus with bipolar staining by Wayson stain. In animals it can originate fulminant septicaemia (chicken cholera), but is also a common commensal.

Pasteurellosis in humans is associated with a close animal contact, and may be transmitted by cat bite.^{[citation needed]}

Types[edit]

There are several forms of the infection:

Skin/subcutaneous tissue disease is a septic phlegmon that develops classically in the hand and forearm after cat bite. Inflammatory signs are very rapid to develop; in 1 or 2 hours, edema, severe pain and serosanguineous exudate appear. Fever, moderate or very high can be seen along with vomiting, headache and diarrhea. Lymphangitis is usual. Complications are possible, in the form of septic arthritis, osteitis or evolution to chronicity.

Sepsis is very rare, but can be as fulminant as septicaemic plague, with high fever, rigors and vomiting, followed by shock and coagulopathy.

Pneumonia disease is also rare and appears in patients with some chronic pulmonary pathology. It usually presents as bilateral consolidating pneumonia, sometimes very severe.

Other locations are possible, such as septic arthritis, meningitis and acute endocarditis, but are very rare.

Pasteurellosis in animals[edit]

P. multocida causes numerous pathological conditions in domestic animals. It often acts together with other infectious agents, like Chlamydiae, Mycoplasmae and viruses. Environmental conditions (transportation, housing deficiency, and bad weather) also play a role.

The following diseases are considered caused by P. multocida, alone or associated to other pathogens:

Shipping fever in cattle and sheep. ("Shipping fever" may also be caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, in the absence of P. multocida,^[3]^[4] and M. haemolytica serovar A1 is known as the most common cause of the disease.^[3] The pathologic condition commonly arises where the causative organism becomes established by secondary infection, following a primary bacterial or viral infection, which may occur after stress, e.g. from handling or transport.^[4])
Enzootic pneumonia of sheep (and goats, with frequent intervention of Mannheimia haemolytica)
Fowl cholera (chicken and other domestic poultry and cage birds)
Enzootic pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis of pigs
Pasteurellosis of chinchillas
Pasteurellosis of rabbits

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis is made with isolation of Pasteurella multocida in a normally sterile site ( blood, pus or CSF).

Treatment[edit]

. As the infection is usually transmitted into humans through animal bites, antibiotics usually treat the infection, but medical attention should be sought if the wound is severely swelling. Pasteurellosis is usually treated with high dose penicillin if severe. Either tetracycline or chloramphenicol provides an alternative in beta-lactam intolerant patients. Most importantly, treat the wound.

References[edit]

^ Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9 .
^ Angen, Ø., R. Mutters, D. A. Caugant, J. E. Olsen and M. Bisgaard. 1998. Taxonomic relationships of the [Pasteurella] haemolytica complex as evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridizations and 16s rRNA sequencing with proposal of Mannheimia haemolytica gen. nov., comb. nov., Mannheimia granulomatis comb. nov., Mannheimia glucosida sp. nov., Mannheimia ruminalis sp. nov. and Mannheimia verigena sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:67-86.
^ ^a ^b Zecchinon, L., T. Fett and D. Desmecht. 2005. How Mannheimia haemolytica defeats host defence through a kiss of death mechanism. Vet. Res. 36: 133-156.
^ ^a ^b Brogden, K. A., H. D. Lehmkuhl and R. C. Cutlip. 1998. Pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats. Vet. Res. 29: 233-254.

External links[edit]

Pasteurella multocida-related diseases in sheep and goats

English Journal

Detection of Pasteurella multocida isolates from local pigs of India by polymerase chain reaction and their antibiogram.

Rajkhowa S, Shakuntala I, Pegu SR, Das RK, Das A.SourceNational Research Centre on Pig, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Rani, Guwahati, 781131, Assam, India, swaraj.rajkhowa@gmail.com.
Tropical animal health and production.Trop Anim Health Prod.2012 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Pasteurella multocida has been recognized as an important veterinary pathogen for over a century. Conventional methods for diagnosis of pasteurellosis rely on the detection of the organism by microscopy and its isolation and identification. However, as far as pasteurellosis is concerned, it is not j
PMID 22318769

Vaginal bacterial flora and cytology in proestrous bitches: role on fertility.

Groppetti D, Pecile A, Barbero C, Martino PA.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2012 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]
The study of canine vaginal cytology underwent limited evolution over the years. Presence and significance of inflammatory cells in vaginal smears are little considered aspects in the bitch. Moreover, occurrence of vaginal bacteria in breeding bitches during follicular phase of the reproductive cycl
PMID 22289216

Life-Threatening Respiratory Pasteurellosis Associated With Palliative Pet Care.

Myers EM, Ward SL, Myers JP.SourceInternal Medicine Residency, Summa Akron City Hospital/Northeast Ohio Medical University Program.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis.2012 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic Gram-negative cocco-bacillus often associated with soft tissue infections due to dog and cat bites. Here we report 3 patients who developed life-threatening P. multocida respiratory tract infections after providing palliative care to their dying pets.
PMID 22238163