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A parasympatholytic agent is a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.^[1] (The parasympathetic nervous system is often colloquially described as the "Feed and Breed" or "Rest and Digest" portion of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system becomes strongly engaged during or after a meal and during times when the body is at rest.)

The term parasympatholytic typically refers to the effect of a drug, although some poisons act to block the parasympathetic nervous system as well. Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are anticholinergics.

"Parasympatholytic" and sympathomimetic agents have similar but not identical effects. For example, both cause mydriasis, but parasympatholytics reduce accommodation (cycloplegia), whereas sympathomimetics do not.

Clinical significance

Parasympatholytic drugs are sometimes used to treat slow heart rhythms (bradycardias or bradydysrhythmias) caused by myocardial infarctions or other pathologies, as well as to treat conditions that cause bronchioles in the lung to constrict, such as asthma. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, parasympatholytic drugs can increase heart rate in patients with bradycardic heart rhythms, and open up airways and reduce mucous production in patients suffering from asthma.

References

^ "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:parasympatholytic".

External links

Overview at salisbury.edu
Parasympatholytics at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 抗コリン剤中毒 anticholinergic poisoning
2. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における抗コリン療法の役割 role of anticholinergic therapy in copd
3. 女性における尿失禁の治療 treatment of urinary incontinence in women
4. Amblyopia in children: Management and outcome
5. 高齢者に対する薬剤処方 drug prescribing for older adults

English Journal

Tiotropium increases PPARγ and decreases CREB in cells isolated from induced sputum of COPD patients.

Holownia A, Mroz RM, Skopinski T, Kolodziejczyk A, Chyczewska E, Braszko JJ.SourceDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. holow_sinai@hotmail.com
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;756:9-14. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4549-0_2.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and chronic inflammation of airways and lung parenchyma. Our aim was to assess two important elements of intracellular signaling involved in regulation of inflammation in COPD in patients subjected to lon
PMID 22836613

Interventions for drooling in children with cerebral palsy.

Walshe M, Smith M, Pennington L.SourceClinical Speech and Language Studies,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. walshema@tcd.ie
Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online).Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2012 Nov 14;11:CD008624. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008624.pub3.
BACKGROUND: Drooling is a common problem for children with cerebral palsy (CP). This can be distressing for these children as well as for their parents and caregivers. The consequences of drooling include risk of social rejection, damp and soiled clothing, unpleasant odour, irritated chapped skin, m
PMID 23152263

Anticholinergic therapy vs. onabotulinumtoxina for urgency urinary incontinence.

Visco AG, Brubaker L, Richter HE, Nygaard I, Paraiso MF, Menefee SA, Schaffer J, Lowder J, Khandwala S, Sirls L, Spino C, Nolen TL, Wallace D, Meikle SF; Pelvic Floor Disorders Network.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27707, USA. anthony.visco@duke.edu
The New England journal of medicine.N Engl J Med.2012 Nov 8;367(19):1803-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1208872. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
BACKGROUND: Anticholinergic medications and onabotulinumtoxinA are used to treat urgency urinary incontinence, but data directly comparing the two types of therapy are needed.METHODS: We performed a double-blind, double-placebo-controlled, randomized trial involving women with idiopathic urgency uri
PMID 23036134

Japanese Journal

発泡剤とバリウムの投与順序の相違による飲みやすさと流出程度

澁谷光一,三宅浩一,大枝嗣人,藤照正,中桐義忠,東義晴,丸山敏則,後藤佐知子,杉田勝彦,平木祥夫
日本放射線技術學會雜誌 57(4), 440-443, 2001-04-20
… Parasympatholytic agents were not administered in this study. … When a parasympatholytic agent is not given, it is better to give the foaming agent first, even though it is more difficult to swallow the barium meal after the foaming agent, because it is most important in examination of the stomach that the barium meal does not flow out into the bowel. …
NAID 110003439448

心拍変動の不等間隔周波数解析法の提案と副交感神経遮断によるスペクトル変化

今重之,富田豊,本多敏,岡島康友
日本人間工学会大会講演集 39, 178-179, 1998-05-16
NAID 10010917775

有機リン系殺虫剤散布作業を行っている農業従事者における疫学調査

佐藤美菜子
北里医学 25(6), 518-525, 1995-12-31
有機リン系殺虫剤は,長期曝露により眼を含む中枢神経及び末梢神経などを障害する。我々は神奈川県下で10年以上有機リン系殺虫剤を散布している農業従事者に対し,健康調査を目的として検診を行ってきた。調査期間は,昭和59年から平成5年までの10年間である。検診は3段階に分けて行った。第一次検診として7435名に自律神経症状に関するアンケート調査,視力,握力,フリッカー値測定,血清コリンエステラーゼ値測定, …
NAID 110004696850