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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/02 03:11:35」(JST)

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Parafollicular cells (also called C cells) are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which primary function is to secrete calcitonin. They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue. These cells are large and have a pale stain compared with the follicular cells or colloid. In teleost and avian species these cells occupy a structure outside the thyroid gland named the ultimobranchial body.

Structure

Parafollicular cells are pale-staining cells found in small number in the thyroid and are typically situated basally in the epithelium, without direct contact with the follicular lumen. They are always situated within the basement membrane, which surrounds the entire follicle.

Development

Parafollicular cells are derived from neural crest cells. Embryologically, they associate with the ultimobranchial body, which is a ventral derivative of the fourth (or fifth) pharyngeal pouch. In a series of experiments, neural crest cells were transplanted from quail, with unique and easily identified nuclei, into non-quail neural crest. The presence of cells with quail nuclei populating the ultimobranchial body was demonstrated, which raised the conclusion that C cells migrate during embryologic development from the neural crest.^[1]^[2]

Function

Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, a hormone that participates in the regulation of calcium metabolism. It is important in fish and rodents, but its relevance in humans has not been demonstrated. Calcitonin lowers blood levels of calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone by osteoclasts, and its secretion is increased proportionally with the concentration of calcium.^[3]

Parafollicular cells are also known to secrete in smaller quantities several neuroendocrine peptides such as serotonin, somatostatin or CGRP.^[4]^[5]^[6] They may also have a role in regulating thyroid hormones production locally, as they express thyrotropin-releasing hormone.^[7]^[8]

Clinical significance

When parafollicular cells become cancerous, they lead to medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

References

^ Le Douarin, N; Fontaine, J; Le Lièvre, C (Mar 13, 1974). "New studies on the neural crest origin of the avian ultimobranchial glandular cells--interspecific combinations and cytochemical characterization of C cells based on the uptake of biogenic amine precursors.". Histochemistry 38 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1007/bf00496718. PMID 4135055.
^ Barasch, J; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H; al-Awqati, Q (December 1988). "Thyrotropin induces the acidification of the secretory granules of parafollicular cells by increasing the chloride conductance of the granular membrane." (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology 107 (6 Pt 1): 2137–47. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2137. PMID 2461947.
^ Melmed, S; Polonsky, KS; Larsen, PR; Kronenberg, HM (2011). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (12th ed.). Saunders. p. 1250–1252. ISBN 978-1437703245.
^ Zabel, M (December 1984). "Ultrastructural localization of calcitonin, somatostatin and serotonin in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid.". The Histochemical journal 16 (12): 1265–72. doi:10.1007/bf01003725. PMID 6152264.
^ Barasch, JM; Mackey, H; Tamir, H; Nunez, EA; Gershon, MD (September 1987). "Induction of a neural phenotype in a serotonergic endocrine cell derived from the neural crest." (PDF). The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 7 (9): 2874–83. PMID 3305802.
^ Bernd, P; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H (March 1981). "Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells." (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology 88 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1083/jcb.88.3.499. PMID 7217200.
^ Gkonos, PJ; Tavianini, MA; Liu, CC; Roos, BA (December 1989). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in normal thyroid parafollicular cells.". Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 3 (12): 2101–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-12-2101. PMID 2516877.
^ Morillo-Bernal, Jesús; Fernández-Santos, José M.; Utrilla, José C.; de Miguel, Manuel; García-Marín, Rocío; Martín-Lacave, Inés (1 August 2009). "Functional expression of the thyrotropin receptor in C cells: new insights into their involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis". Journal of Anatomy 215 (2): 150–158. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01095.x. PMC 2740962. PMID 19493188. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

External links

Histology image: 42_04 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Histology image: 14302loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Histology at KUMC endo-/endo10
Anatomy Atlases - Microscopic Anatomy, plate 15.287

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 甲状腺髄様癌：臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 medullary thyroid cancer clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
2. 甲状腺髄様癌：治療および予後 medullary thyroid cancer treatment and prognosis
3. 多発性内分泌腫瘍2型の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
4. 甲状腺の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland
5. 甲状腺細胞病理学のアトラス atlas of thyroid cytopathology

English Journal

[Recommendation for Calcitonin Screening in Nodular Goiter].

Frank-Raue K1, Schott M2, Raue F1; im Namen der Sektion Schilddrüse der DGE.
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).Dtsch Med Wochenschr.2018 Aug;143(15):1065-1069. doi: 10.1055/a-0585-8097. Epub 2018 Jul 30.
PMID 30060274

Restricted localization of ultimobranchial body remnants and parafollicular cells in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Nakamura T1,2, Elewa YHA2,3, Ichii O2, Hosotani M2, Ghonimi WAM3, Tatsumi O1, Nagasaki KI4, Kon Y2.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.J Vet Med Sci.2018 Aug 1. doi: 10.1292/jvms.18-0298. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 30068831
AuthorsByrd C1, Kwartowitz G1.
Open/close author information list" class="jig-ncbitoggler" href="#
PMID 30085580

Japanese Journal

A Case of Mixed Medullary Follicular Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed with High Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels

耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 138(0), 98-99, 2014
NAID 130004834062

高CEA血症を契機に発見された甲状腺混合性髄様濾胞細胞癌例

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(8), 733-737, 2013-08-01
NAID 10031188245

Subtype-specific parafollicular localization of the neuropeptide manserin in the rat thyroid gland.

Acta histochemica 115(2), 190-194, 2013-01-01
NAID 120005427757

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「傍濾胞細胞」
関連記事	「cell」

「傍濾胞細胞」

Parafollicular cell
	Histology section of the thyroid showing follicles, where parafollicular cells reside
Identifiers
Code	TH H3.08.02.4.00009
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: parafollicular cell
同: 濾胞傍細胞, C細胞 C cell
関: 甲状腺

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[1] Le Douarin, N; Fontaine, J; Le Lièvre, C (Mar 13, 1974). "New studies on the neural crest origin of the avian ultimobranchial glandular cells--interspecific combinations and cytochemical characterization of C cells based on the uptake of biogenic amine precursors.". Histochemistry 38 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1007/bf00496718. PMID 4135055.

[2] Barasch, J; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H; al-Awqati, Q (December 1988). "Thyrotropin induces the acidification of the secretory granules of parafollicular cells by increasing the chloride conductance of the granular membrane." (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology 107 (6 Pt 1): 2137–47. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2137. PMID 2461947.

[williams-3] Melmed, S; Polonsky, KS; Larsen, PR; Kronenberg, HM (2011). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (12th ed.). Saunders. p. 1250–1252. ISBN 978-1437703245.

[4] Zabel, M (December 1984). "Ultrastructural localization of calcitonin, somatostatin and serotonin in parafollicular cells of rat thyroid.". The Histochemical journal 16 (12): 1265–72. doi:10.1007/bf01003725. PMID 6152264.

[5] Barasch, JM; Mackey, H; Tamir, H; Nunez, EA; Gershon, MD (September 1987). "Induction of a neural phenotype in a serotonergic endocrine cell derived from the neural crest." (PDF). The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 7 (9): 2874–83. PMID 3305802.

[6] Bernd, P; Gershon, MD; Nunez, EA; Tamir, H (March 1981). "Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells." (PDF). The Journal of Cell Biology 88 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1083/jcb.88.3.499. PMID 7217200.

[7] Gkonos, PJ; Tavianini, MA; Liu, CC; Roos, BA (December 1989). "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in normal thyroid parafollicular cells.". Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 3 (12): 2101–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-12-2101. PMID 2516877.

[8] Morillo-Bernal, Jesús; Fernández-Santos, José M.; Utrilla, José C.; de Miguel, Manuel; García-Marín, Rocío; Martín-Lacave, Inés (1 August 2009). "Functional expression of the thyrotropin receptor in C cells: new insights into their involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis". Journal of Anatomy 215 (2): 150–158. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01095.x. PMC 2740962. PMID 19493188. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)

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parafollicular cell