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of or relating to the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/22 10:31:34」(JST)

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The allocortex (also known as heterogenetic cortex) is one of the two types of cerebral cortex, the other being the neocortex. It is characterized by having just three or four cell layers, in contrast with the six layers of the neocortex, and takes up a much smaller area than the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex: the paleocortex, the archicortex, and the periallocortex – a transitional zone between the neocortex and the allocortex.^[1]

The specific regions of the brain usually described as belonging to the allocortex are the olfactory system, and the hippocampus.

Allocortex is termed heterogenetic cortex, because during development it never has the six-layered architecture of homogenetic neocortex. It differs from heterotypic cortex, a type of cerebral cortex, which during prenatal development, passes through a six-layered stage to have fewer layers, such as in Brodmann area 4 that lacks granule cells.^[2]

Structure

The allocortex has just three or four layers of neuronal cell bodies in contrast to the six layers of the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex, the paleocortex, archicortex and periallocortex.^[3]

Paleocortex is a type of thin, primitive cortical tissue that consists of three to five cortical laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies).^[4] In comparison, the neocortex has six layers and the archicortex has three or four layers.^[5]

Archicortex is a type of cortical tissue that consists of three laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies).^[6] It has fewer layers than both neocortex, which has six, and paleocortex, which has either four or five. Because the number of laminae that compose a type of cortical tissue seems to be directly proportional to both the information-processing capabilities of that tissue and its phylogenetic age, paleocortex is thought to be an intermediate between neocortex and archicortex in both aspects, and archicortex is thought to be the oldest and most basic type of cortical tissue.^[6]

Location

Paleocortex is present in the parahippocampal gyrus,^[6] olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, periamygdalar area,^[3] anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, and prepyriform area.

Archicortex is most prevalent in the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus,^[7] which are responsible for processing smells and forming memories, respectively.^[8] Because olfaction is considered to be the phylogenetically oldest sensory modality,^[9] and the limbic system, of which the hippocampus is a part, is one of the oldest systems in the brain,^[10] it is likely that archicortex was one of the first types of tissue to develop in primitive nervous systems.

Archicortical precursor cells are also present in the dentate gyrus of the developing mammalian embryo.^[11]

References

^ http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315
^ Crosby EC; Humphrey T; Lauer EW (1962)Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System. New York: MacMillan
^ ^a ^b "Paleocortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
^ Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. p. 666. ISBN 9780878936465.
^ Purves et al: Neuroscience 3rd Edition, 2004, page 617
^ ^a ^b ^c Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. ISBN 9780878936465.
^ Wills, T. J.; Cacucci, F.; Burgess, N.; O'Keefe, J. (2010). "Development of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Preweanling Rats". Science 328 (5985): 1573–1576. doi:10.1126/science.1188224. PMC 3543985. PMID 20558720.
^ Haberly, Lewis B (1990). "Comparative Aspects of Olfactory Cortex". Cerebral Cortex (8B ed.). pp. 137–166. ISBN 978-1-4615-3824-0.
^ Albrecht, J.; Wiesmann, M. (2006). "Das olfaktorische System des Menschen". Der Nervenarzt 77 (8): 931–939. doi:10.1007/s00115-006-2121-z. PMID 16871378.
^ Rajmohan, V.; Mohandas, E. (2007). "The limbic system". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 49 (2): 132–139. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.33264. PMC 2917081. PMID 20711399.
^ Pellegrini, M.; Mansouri, A.; Simeone, A.; Boncinelli, E.; Gruss, P. (1996). "Dentate gyrus formation requires Emx2". Development (Cambridge, England) 122 (12): 3893–3898. PMID 9012509.

"Allocortex." Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 27th ed. (2000). ISBN 0-683-40007-X
Haines, Duane E. Fundamental Neuroscience, 2nd. (2002). ISBN 0-443-06603-5

English Journal

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reverts behavioral alterations and brainstem BDNF level increase induced by neuropathic pain model: Long-lasting effect.

Filho PR1, Vercelino R2, Cioato SG1, Medeiros LF3, Oliveira Cd1, Scarabelot VL2, Souza A4, Rozisky JR5, Quevedo Ada S4, Adachi LN1, Sanches PR6, Fregni F7, Caumo W8, Torres IL9.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2016 Jan 4;64:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.016. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
INTRODUCTION: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain modality that usually results of damage in the somatosensory system. NP often shows insufficient response to classic analgesics and remains a challenge to medical treatment. The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive tec
PMID 26160698

Cotransmission of acetylcholine and GABA.

Granger AJ1, Mulder N1, Saunders A1, Sabatini BL2.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2016 Jan;100:40-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.031. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Neurons that produce acetylcholine (ACh) are positioned to broadly influence the brain, with axonal arborizations that extend throughout the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. While the action of these neurons has typically been attributed entirely to ACh, neurons often release more than on
PMID 26220313

Lack of support for bexarotene as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

O'Hare E1, Jeggo R2, Kim EM3, Barbour B4, Walczak JS5, Palmer P6, Lyons T7, Page D8, Hanna D9, Meara JR10, Spanswick D11, Guo JP12, McGeer EG12, McGeer PL13, Hobson P14.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2016 Jan;100:124-30. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.020. Epub 2015 May 27.
Bexarotene has been reported to reduce brain amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and to improve cognitive function in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Four groups failed to fully replicate the primary results but the original authors claimed overall support for the general conclusions. Becau
PMID 26025659

Japanese Journal

ヒトの不快感や生体信号へ及ぼす純音音圧変化の効果

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MBE, MEとバイオサイバネティックス 113(409), 65-68, 2014-01-17
NAID 110009822161

癲癇モデル動物における睡眠時スパイク波の電場理論適用による焦点特定手法

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MBE, MEとバイオサイバネティックス 102(726), 5-8, 2003-03-10
NAID 110003286445

The subrhinal paleocortex in the hedgehog tenrec. A multiarchitectonic characterization and analysis of its connections with the olfactory bulb

Anat. Embryol. 202, 491-506, 2000
NAID 10012632983

Related Pictures

Cerbral cortex. File:Cerebral vascular territories.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Limbic System and Cortex of the Brain asosiasyonana Paleocortex 3. TEORIA ACERCA DEL CEREBRO PPT - Telencephalon & Cerebral Cortex: Gross Anatomy PowerPoint Presentation - ID:2130062 Apologetics Press - The Origin of the Brain and Mind [Part II]

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「古皮質」「paleocortical」

「古皮質」

Allocortex
Identifiers
NeuroNames	ancil-759
NeuroLex ID	Allocortex
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_25/12121777
TA	A14.1.09.305
FMA	83687
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: ancient cortex
ラ: paleocortex
同: (資料により同義かは記載が異なる→)旧皮質 allocortex、不等皮質 anisocortex。梨状葉 piriform lobe
関: 大脳皮質

「paleocortical」

　　[★]

古皮質の

関: paleocortex

[1] ttp://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315

[2] Crosby EC; Humphrey T; Lauer EW (1962)Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System. New York: MacMillan

[BrainInfo_Paleocortex-3] "Paleocortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 5 May 2013.

[4] Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. p. 666. ISBN 9780878936465.

[5] Purves et al: Neuroscience 3rd Edition, 2004, page 617

[Purves_2011-6] Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. ISBN 9780878936465.

[Wills_2010-7] Wills, T. J.; Cacucci, F.; Burgess, N.; O'Keefe, J. (2010). "Development of the Hippocampal Cognitive Map in Preweanling Rats". Science 328 (5985): 1573–1576. doi:10.1126/science.1188224. PMC 3543985. PMID 20558720.

[Haberly_1990-8] Haberly, Lewis B (1990). "Comparative Aspects of Olfactory Cortex". Cerebral Cortex (8B ed.). pp. 137–166. ISBN 978-1-4615-3824-0.

[Albrecht_2006-9] Albrecht, J.; Wiesmann, M. (2006). "Das olfaktorische System des Menschen". Der Nervenarzt 77 (8): 931–939. doi:10.1007/s00115-006-2121-z. PMID 16871378.

[Rajmohan_2007-10] Rajmohan, V.; Mohandas, E. (2007). "The limbic system". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 49 (2): 132–139. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.33264. PMC 2917081. PMID 20711399.

[Pellegrini_1996-11] Pellegrini, M.; Mansouri, A.; Simeone, A.; Boncinelli, E.; Gruss, P. (1996). "Dentate gyrus formation requires Emx2". Development (Cambridge, England) 122 (12): 3893–3898. PMID 9012509.

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paleocortex