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The allocortex (also known as heterogenetic cortex) is one of the two types of cerebral cortex, the other being the neocortex. It is characterized by having just three or four cell layers, in contrast with the six layers of the neocortex, and takes up a much smaller area than the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex: the paleocortex, the archicortex, and the periallocortex – a transitional zone between the neocortex and the allocortex.^[1]

The specific regions of the brain usually described as belonging to the allocortex are the olfactory system, and the hippocampus.

Allocortex is termed heterogenetic cortex, because during development it never has the six-layered architecture of homogenetic neocortex. It differs from heterotypic cortex, a type of cerebral cortex, which during prenatal development, passes through a six-layered stage to have fewer layers, such as in Brodmann area 4 that lacks granule cells.^[2]

Structure

The allocortex has just three or four layers of neuronal cell bodies in contrast to the six layers of the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex, the paleocortex, archicortex and periallocortex.^[3]

Paleocortex is a type of thin, primitive cortical tissue that consists of three cortical laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies).^[4]^[5] The two granular layers II and IV of neocortex are absent in paleocortex. The main areas of paleocortex are the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex.

Archicortex is a type of cortical tissue that consists of four laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies).^[6] The main areas of archicortex are the hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

Periallocortex is a transitional form between neocortex and either paleo- or archi-cortex. It thus can be either peripaleocortex (anterior insular cortex) or periarchicortex (entorhinal cortex, presubicular cortex, retrosplenial, supracallosal, and subgenual areas).

Because the number of laminae that compose a type of cortical tissue seems to be directly proportional to both the information-processing capabilities of that tissue and its phylogenetic age, and also because olfaction is a major sensory modality in phylogenetically early animals, paleocortex is thought to be the most primitive form of cortex.^[5]

References

^ http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315
^ Crosby EC; Humphrey T; Lauer EW (1962)Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System. New York: MacMillan
^ Filimonoff, IN (1947). "A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex". Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 58: 296–311.
^ "Paleocortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. p. 666. ISBN 9780878936465.
^ "Archicortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 17 March 2017.

"Allocortex." Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 27th ed. (2000). ISBN 0-683-40007-X
Haines, Duane E. Fundamental Neuroscience, 2nd. (2002). ISBN 0-443-06603-5

English Journal

Sociability trait and regional cerebral oxidative metabolism in rats: Predominantly nonlinear relations.

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Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2018 Jan 30;337:186-192. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.049. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
PMID 28916502

Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs in Neurogenesis During Mouse Cortical Development.

Zhang W1, Zeng X1, Zeng L2,3.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2018;1680:191-203. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7339-2_13.
PMID 29030850

Mean and variability in functional brain activations differentially predict executive function in older adults: an investigation employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Halliday DWR1,2, Mulligan BP1,2, Garrett DD3, Schmidt S3, Hundza SR2,4, Garcia-Barrera MA1,2, Stawski RS5, MacDonald SWS1,2.
Neurophotonics.Neurophotonics.2018 Jan;5(1):011013. doi: 10.1117/1.NPh.5.1.011013. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
PMID 28983491

Japanese Journal

Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics

J Neural Transm 65, 303-326, 1986
NAID 30001998220

ハムスター(Cricetus auratus)脳における不等皮質領

弘前醫學 12(4), 734-750,*99, 1961-05
NAID 110004769406

電気撃衝後に於ける脳糖原及び各種酵素の組織化学的研究:II. 電気衝撃の脳糖原に及ぼす慢性効果

Archivum histologicum japonicum 11(1), 79-89, 1956
NAID 130003725299

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「古皮質」「類皮質」

「古皮質」

Allocortex
Identifiers
NeuroNames	ancil-759
NeuroLex ID	Allocortex
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_25/12121777
TA	A14.1.09.305
FMA	83687
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: ancient cortex
ラ: paleocortex
同: (資料により同義かは記載が異なる→)旧皮質 allocortex、不等皮質 anisocortex。梨状葉 piriform lobe
関: 大脳皮質

「類皮質」

　　[★]

英: allocortex
関: 不等皮質

[1] ttp://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2315

[2] Crosby EC; Humphrey T; Lauer EW (1962)Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System. New York: MacMillan

[3] Filimonoff, IN (1947). "A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex". Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 58: 296–311.

[BrainInfo_Paleocortex-4] "Paleocortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 5 May 2013.

[Purves_2011-5] Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates Inc. p. 666. ISBN 9780878936465.

[BrainInfo_Archicortex-6] "Archicortex". BrainInfo. University of Washington. Retrieved 17 March 2017.

v t e Types of cerebral cortex
Structure types	Isocortex True isocortex or Neocortex Proisocortex Allocortex Paleocortex Archicortex Band of Gennari
Layers	Internal granular layer External granular layer
Cells	Betz cell Pyramidal cell Stellate cell

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案内

allocortex