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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/27 10:14:03」(JST)

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Oxybuprocaine (INN), also known as benoxinate or BNX, is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine is sold by Novartis under the brand names Novesine or Novesin.

Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation has not been established.

Uses

In ophthalmology in order to numb the surface of the eye (the outermost layers of the cornea and conjunctiva) for the following purposes:^[1]
- in order to perform a contact/applanation tonometry,
- for small operations,
- in order to remove small foreign objects from the uppermost layer of the cornea or conjunctiva;
in otolaryngology for numbing the mucous membranes of the nostrils and pharynx, for diagnostic purposes and small operations,^[2]
for numbing the mucous membranes of bronchi, for example in bronchoscopy,^[2]
and the oesophagus, for example in intubation.^[2]

Pharmacokinetics

Anaesthesia starts with a latency of 30 to 50 seconds and lasts for about 10 to 30 minutes, depending on perfusion. The drug is metabolised by esterases in blood plasma and liver.^[2]

Adverse effects

When used excessively, oxybuprocaine like any other topical anesthetic used in the eye and on mucous membranes (like for example tetracaine, proxymetacaine and proparacaine) can cause irritation, hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, irreversible corneal damage and even complete destruction of the cornea.^[1]^[3] (Excessive use means several times a day during several days or even weeks.)

Interactions

Oxybuprocaine is incompatible with silver and mercury salts, as well as basic substances. It also reduces the antimicrobial action of sulfonamides.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Drugs.com: Minims Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride 0.4%
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Jasek, W, ed. (2007). Austria-Codex (in German) (2007/2008 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. ISBN 978-3-85200-181-4.
^ McGee, H. T.; Fraunfelder, F. W. (2007). "Toxicities of topical ophthalmic anesthetics". Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 6 (6): 637–640. doi:10.1517/14740338.6.6.637. PMID 17967152.

English Journal

Degree of corneal anaesthesia after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in clinically normal cattle.

Little WB1, Jean GS2, Sithole F3, Little E2, Jean KY2.
Australian veterinary journal.Aust Vet J.2016 Jun;94(6):181-5. doi: 10.1111/avj.12443.
OBJECTIVES: The use of corneal anaesthesia is necessary for a range of clinical purposes. Therefore, we assessed and compared the efficacy of corneal anaesthesia after application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in clinically normal cattle.
PMID 27237118

Sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine local anesthetic drugs.

Tonooka K1, Naruki N2, Honma K2, Agei K2, Okutsu M2, Hosono T2, Kunisue Y3, Terada M4, Tomobe K2, Shinozuka T2.
Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2016 Mar 4;265:182-185. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.044. [Epub ahead of print]
A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) procedure for the simultaneous determination of nine local anesthetic drugs (procaine, mepivacaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine, oxybuprocaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, T-caine and dibucaine) i
PMID 26986505

Multicenter observational study comparing sedation/analgesia protocols for laser photocoagulation treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Sato Y1, Oshiro M2, Takemoto K3,4, Hosono H4, Saito A1,2, Kondo T1,5, Aizu K6, Matsusawa M7, Futamura Y8, Asami T8, Terasaki H8, Hayakawa M1.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.J Perinatol.2015 Nov;35(11):965-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.112. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the best sedation/analgesia protocol for laser photocoagulation (PC) of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter observational study included five hospitals, each using a specific sedation/analgesia protocol: local anesthesia wi
PMID 26355942

Japanese Journal

男性患者に対する硬性膀胱鏡前処置としての尿道内局所麻酔薬ゼリー注入の有用性に関する検討

松田大介,入江啓,志村哲,平山貴博,黒坂眞二,津村秀康,丸典夫,馬場志郎
日本泌尿器科學會雜誌 96(6), 617-622, 2005-09-20
(目的)硬性膀胱鏡の前処置として尿道内局所麻酔薬ゼリー注入の有用性を評価する目的で, ゼリー注入から検査終了までの疼痛, および検査後から翌日までの排尿症状につき検討した.(対象と方法)2002年5月から12月までの間に, 外来膀胱鏡検査を施行した男性62例を対象とした.初めて膀胱鏡を受けた患者が16例(初診群), 膀胱鏡の経験が2回以上ある患者が46例(再診群)であった.これらの対象患者を局所麻 …
NAID 110003089275

Potent Reduction of Intraocular Pressure by Nipradilol Plus Latanoprost in Ocular Hypertensive Rabbits(Pharmacology)

ORIHASHI Masahiro,SHIMA Yuichiro,TSUNEKI Hiroshi,KIMURA Ikuko
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 28(1), 65-68, 2005-01-01
… IOP was measured using an applanation pneumatonograph under topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride for corneal anesthesia. …
NAID 110003665772

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オキシブプロカイン」
拡張検索	「oxybuprocaine hydrochloride」

「オキシブプロカイン」

Oxybuprocaine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	2-diethylaminoethyl 4-amino-3-butoxy-benzoate
Clinical data
Trade names	Novesin(e)
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy; category	AU: D; ;
Routes of; administration	Topical
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Esterases in blood plasma and liver
Identifiers
CAS Number	99-43-4
ATC code	D04AB03 (WHO) S01HA02
PubChem	CID 4633
IUPHAR/BPS	7123
DrugBank	DB00892
ChemSpider	4472
UNII	AXQ0JYM303
KEGG	D08319
ChEBI	CHEBI:309594
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200
Chemical data
Formula	C17H28N2O3
Molar mass	308.41 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(OCCN(CC)CC)c1cc(OCCCC)c(cc1)N ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H28N2O3/c1-4-7-11-21-16-13-14(8-9-15(16)18)17(20)22-12-10-19(5-2)6-3/h8-9,13H,4-7,10-12,18H2,1-3H3 ; Key:CMHHMUWAYWTMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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