|
|
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
|
|
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010) |
|
|
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (July 2008) |
|
Otolaryngologist performing an endoscopic sinus surgical procedure
A 40-watt CO
2 laser used in otolaryngology
Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose, and throat) is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the head and neck. It is the oldest medical practice in the United States and nearly 50% of all office visits pertain to the ear, nose, and throat.
|
Contents
- 1 Explanation
- 2 Subspecialties
- 3 Topics in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery
- 3.1 Head and neck oncology
- 3.2 Otology and neuro-otology
- 3.3 Rhinology
- 3.4 Pediatrics
- 3.5 Laryngology
- 3.6 Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
|
Explanation
The full name of the specialty is otorhinolaryngology[1] from neoclassical Greek and modern Greek: ωτο(ρ)ρινολαρυγγολογία from ὠτ-, ot- (root of οὖς) "ear", ῥινο-, rhino- (root of ῥίς) "nose", λαρυγγ-, laryng- (root of λάρυγξ) "larynx/throat", and the suffix -logy "study"; thus, the term literally means "the study of ear, nose and throat".
Otolaryngologists are physicians (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in general surgical training and four years in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery; in the past it varied between two and three years of each. In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.
Following residency training some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality fellowship training which can be 1–2 years in duration (pediatric otolaryngology,[2] neuro-otology, laryngology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, rhinology, or head and neck oncology).[citation needed]
Practitioners are called and professionally designated by the more accurate term otolaryngologists – head and neck surgeons, as specialists trained in otolaryngology are experts in surgical conditions of the head and neck. Some people refer to it simply as head and neck surgery. In the United States, otolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.[3][4]
The common diseases and conditions treated by ENT specialist or Otolaryngologist include:
Hearing:Perforated Ear Drum,Conductive hearing loss,Sensori – Neural hearing loss,Profound sensori – Neural hearing loss,Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss,Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss,Weak tympanic membrane,Otitis media,Otospongiosis,Granulation of External Auditory Canal,Granulation of Tympanic membrane,Keloid,Narrow External Auditory Canal with Osteoma
Voice:Vocal cord polyp,Vocal cord cyst,Vocal cord palsy,Vocal cord nodules
Nose And Sinus:Preauricular Sinus – Infection,Deviated Nasal Septum,Puss filled sinus infection,Perforated Septum,Polyps within Sinuses,Fractured Nasal bone,Fluid collection in Septum,Spur on Septum,Ethmoidal Polyps,CerebroSpinal Fluid (CSF) leak,Antroconal Polyps
Head And Neck:Growth in Larynx & Trachea,Thyro Glossal Cyst,Ranula below tongue,Tongue tie,Salivary gland disoders,Tongue-tie release,Thyroid disorders and Neck swelling,Enlarged Lymph node,Parotid gland disorders,Tonsil disorders,Foreign body in Head and Neck region,Foreign body in Oesophagus,Head and Neck trauma,Narrowing of food pipe,Lymphnode enlargement
Sleep And Snoring
Balance Disorders-Giddiness
Tinnitus treatment
Subspecialties
| Head and neck |
Facial plastics |
Otology |
Neuro-otology* |
Rhinology/sinus |
Laryngology |
Pediatrics* |
Sleep* |
| Surgical oncology |
Facial cosmetic surgery |
Ear |
Middle and inner ear |
Sinusitis |
Voice therapy |
Velopalatine insufficiency |
| Reconstruction |
Maxillofacial |
Hearing |
Temporal bone |
Allergy |
Phono-surgery |
Cleft lip and palate |
| Endocrine surgery |
Trauma |
|
Skull base |
Anterior skull base |
|
Airway |
|
|
|
Dizziness |
Apnea and snoring |
|
Vascular malformations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cochlear implant/BAHA |
(* Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)
Topics in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery
|
Contributors please visit the new Current Otorhinolaryngology WikiBook project before posting your academic topics here. High-level professional-quality material needed! |
|
Head and neck oncology
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx
- Oral cancer
- Skin Cancer of the head & neck
- Thyroid cancer
- Endocrine surgery of the head and neck (thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy)
- Microvascular free flap reconstruction
- Skull base surgery
- Salivary gland cancer
Otology and neuro-otology
Main articles: Otology and Neurotology
- Dizziness
- BPPV – benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- labyrinthitis/vestibular neuronitis
- Ménière's disease/endolymphatic hydrops
- Perilymphatic fistula
- acoustic neuroma
- Hearing loss
- Mastoiditis
- Otitis externa – outer ear or ear canal inflammation
- Otitis media – middle ear inflammation
- Otitis interna – inner ear inflammation
- Perforated eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)
- Ear surgery
Rhinology
Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.
- Environmental allergies
- Sinusitis – acute, chronic
- Rhinitis
- Empty nose syndrome
Pediatrics
- Adenoidectomy
- Caustic ingestion
- Cricotracheal resection
- Decannulation
- laryngomalacia
- Laryngotracheal reconstruction
- Myringotomy and tubes
- Obstructive sleep apnea – pediatric
- Tonsillectomy
Laryngology
- Dysphonia/hoarseness
- Laryngitis
- Reinke's edema
- Vocal cord nodules and polyps
- Spasmodic dysphonia
- Tracheostomy
- Cancer of the larynx
- Vocology – science and practice of voice habilitation
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.
- Rhinoplasty and septoplasty
- Facelift (rhytidectomy)
- Browlift
- Blepharoplasty
- Otoplasty
- Genioplasty
- Injectable cosmetic treatments
- Trauma to the face
- Nasal bone fracture
- Mandible fracture
- Orbital fracture
- Frontal sinus fracture
- Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage
- Skin cancer (e.g. Basal Cell Carcinoma)
See also
- American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
- American Board of Otolaryngology
- American Osteopathic Board of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology
- Head mirror
- Surgeon
- Audiology
References
- ^ otorhinolaryngology
- ^ http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/ed/clinical/fellow/ent/default.htm
- ^ http://www.medfriends.org/specialty_info.htm
- ^ http://www.nrmp.org/data/chartingoutcomes2011.pdf
External links
Various Conditions and Treatments done by Otolaryngoloist and FAQ's
- Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery – journal of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation
- Acta Oto-laryngologica – a journal
- Journal of Voice – a journal
- Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology – journal of the Nordic Cooperation Council of Logopedics and Phoniatrics and of the British Voice Association
- Guildford ENT – Guildford ENT is a specialist clinic that treats nose, throat and ear problems in adults and children.
Societies
- American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
- Association for Research in Otolaryngology
- The American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy
- Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
- The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society
- British Association of Otorhinolaryngologists – Head & Neck Surgeons
- Association of Otolaryngology Administrators
- The Australian Society of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery
- The Voice Foundation
- The TWJ Foundation
- American Head and Neck Society
|
Medicine
|
|
Specialties
and
subspecialties |
|
|
|
- Cardiac surgery
- Cardiothoracic surgery
- Colorectal surgery
- General surgery
- Neurosurgery
- Ophthalmology
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Orthopedic surgery
- Hand surgery
- Otolaryngology (ENT)
- Pediatric surgery
- Plastic surgery
- Reproductive surgery
- Surgical oncology
- Thoracic surgery
- Transplant surgery
- Trauma surgery
- Urology
- Vascular surgery
|
|
|
|
|
- Allergy / Immunology
- Andrology
- Angiology (Vascular Medicine)
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Geriatrics
- Hematology
- Infectious disease
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Pulmonology
- Rheumatology
|
|
- Obstetrics and gynaecology
|
|
- Gynaecology
- Gynecologic oncology
- Maternal-fetal medicine
- Obstetrics
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
- Urogynecology
|
|
|
Diagnostic
|
|
- Healthcare sciences
- Clinical chemistry
- Clinical immunology
- Cytopathology
- Medical microbiology
- Transfusion medicine
- Radiology
- Interventional radiology, Nuclear medicine)
- Pathology (Anatomical, Clinical)
- Clinical neurophysiology
|
|
|
Other specialties
|
|
- Addiction medicine
- Adolescent medicine
- Anesthesiology
- Dermatology
- Disaster medicine
- Emergency medicine
- Family medicine
- General practice
- Hospital medicine
- Intensive-care medicine
- Interventional radiology
- Medical genetics
- Neurology
- Occupational medicine
- Pain management
- Palliative care
- Pediatrics (Neonatology)
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry)
- Preventive medicine
- Psychiatry
- Radiation oncology
- Reproductive medicine
- Sexual medicine
- Sleep medicine
- Sports medicine
- Transplantation medicine
- Tropical medicine (Travel medicine)
|
|
|
| Others |
- Physician
- Dentistry
- Podiatry
- Veterinary medicine
- History of medicine
- Medical education
- Medical school
- Personalized medicine
|
|
