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Diagram of a typical long bone showing both compact (cortical) and cancellous (spongy) bone.

Histology of Osteon.

The osteon or haversian system /həˈvɜːr.ʒən/ (named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2mm in diameter.^[1] They are present in many bones of most mammals and some bird, reptile, and amphibian species.

Structure

Histology of compact bone showing osteon

Each osteon consists of concentric layers, or lamellae, of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the haversian canal. The haversian canal contains the bone's blood supplies. The boundary of an osteon is the cement line.

Each haversian canal is surrounding by varying number (5-20) of concentrically arranged lamellae of bone matrix. Near the surface of the compact bone, the lamellae are arranged parallel to the surface; these are called circumferential lamellae. Some of the osteoblasts develop into osteocytes, each living within its own small space, or lacuna. Osteocytes make contact with the cytoplasmic processes of their counterparts via a network of small transverse canals, or canaliculi. This network facilitates the exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste. Collagen fibers in a particular lamella run parallel to each other, but the orientation of collagen fibers within other lamellae is oblique. The collagen fiber density is lowest at the seams between lamellae, accounting for the distinctive microscopic appearance of a transverse section of osteons. The space between osteons is occupied by interstitial lamellae, which are the remnants of osteons that were partially resorbed during the process of bone remodeling.

Osteons are connected to each other and the periosteum by oblique channels called Volkmann's canals or perforating canals.

Drifting osteons

Drifting osteons are a phenomenon that is not fully understood. A "drifting osteon" is classified as one that runs both longitudinally as well as transversely through the cortex. An osteon can "drift" in one direction or change directions several times, leaving a tail of lamellae behind the advancing haversian canal.^[2]

Investigative applications

In bioarchaeological research and in forensic investigations, osteons in a bone fragment can be used to determine the sex of an individual^[3] and age, as well as aspects of taxonomy, diet, health and motor history.^[4]

Osteons and their arrangement vary according to taxon, so that genus and sometimes species can be differentiated using a bone fragment not otherwise identifiable. However, there is considerable variability among the different bones of a skeleton, and features of some faunal osteons overlap with those of human osteons; therefore, examination of osteons is not of primary use in the analyses of osteological remains.^[5] More research is needed, but osteohistology has the potential to positively affect the studies in bioarchaeology, paleontology and forensic investigations.

In recent decades, osteohistological studies of dinosaur fossils has been used to address a number of issues, such as the periodicity of growth of dinosaurs and whether it was uniform across species^[6] and the question of whether dinosaurs were warm-blooded or not.^[7]

References

^ "Osteon," Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2009); retrieved 23 June 2009.
^ Robling, Alexander D.; Stout, Sam D. 1999 "Morphology or the Drifting Osteon," Cells Tissues Organs 164:192-204
^ Monika Martiniaková, Radoslav Omelka, Birgit Grosskopf, Alexander V. Sirotkin, and Peter Chrenek, 2008, "Sex-related variation in compact bone microstructure of the femoral diaphysis in juvenile rabbits," Acta Vet Scand. 50(1): 15ff
^ Pfeiffer, Susan; Crowder, Christian; Harrington, Lesley; and Brown, Michael, 2006, "Secondary osteon and haversian canal dimensions as behavioral indicators," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 131 (4): 460 - 468
^ Martiniaková, Monika. 2006. Differences in Bone Microstructure of Mammalian Skeletons. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra: Nitra, Slovakia
^ Chinsamy, Anusuya (1995). "Ontogenetic Changes in the Bone Histology of the Late Jurassic Ornithopod 'Dryosaurus Lettowvorbecki'". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (1): 96–104. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011209.
^ Reid, R. E. H. (1984). "Primary Bone and Dinosaurian Physiology". Geological Magazine. 121 (6): 589–598. doi:10.1017/S0016756800030739.

Bibliography

Cooper, Reginald R.; Milgram, James W.; and Robinson, Robert A. 1966 "Morphology of the Osteon: An Electron Microscopic Study," Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 48:1239-1271.
Martiniaková, Monika 2006 Differences in bone microstructure of mammalian skeletons. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nita: Nitro, Slovakia.
Netter, Frank H. (1987), Musculature system: anatomy, physiology, and metabolic disorders. Summit, New Jersey: Chiba-Geiger Corporation ISBN 0-914168-88-6
Pfeiffer, Susan; Crowder, Christian; Harrington, Lesley; and Brown, Michael 2006 "Secondary osteon and haversian canal dimensions as behavioral indicators," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 131 (4): 460 - 468.
Robling, Alexander D.; Stout, Sam D. 1999 "Morphology of the drifting osteon," Cells Tissues Organs 164:192-204

External links

SLIBS Bone Website: http://www.trinity.edu/stonily/bone/intro2.htm
Bone ^{[dead link]} - BioWeb at University of Wisconsin System
Histology of osteons
video explaining osteons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylmanEGjRuY

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨格の正常な発達および骨形成ならびに骨吸収の調節 normal skeletal development and regulation of bone formation and resorption

English Journal

Cortical bone histomorphology of known-age skeletons from the Kirsten collection, Stellenbosch university, South Africa.

Pfeiffer S1,2, Heinrich J1, Beresheim A1, Alblas M3.
American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2016 May;160(1):137-47. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22951. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
OBJECTIVES: Normal human bone tissue changes predictably as adults get older, but substantial variability in pattern and pace remains unexplained. Information is needed regarding the characteristics of histological variables across diverse human populations.METHODS: Undecalcified thin sections from
PMID 26865244

Variation in osteon histomorphometrics and their impact on age-at-death estimation in older individuals.

Goliath JR1, Stewart MC2, Stout SD3.
Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2016 May;262:282.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.053. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
Histomorphometric studies have reported relations between osteon size and age; however, data focused on the shape of osteons is sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine how osteon circularity (On.Cr) varies with age in different skeletal elements. Regression analysis was used to evaluate t
PMID 27021159

Three-dimensional reconstruction of Haversian systems in human cortical bone using synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT: morphology and quantification of branching and transverse connections across age.

Maggiano IS1,2, Maggiano CM2,3, Clement JG4, Thomas CD4, Carter Y5, Cooper DM1.
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2016 May;228(5):719-32. doi: 10.1111/joa.12430. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
This study uses synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (CT) scans to reconstruct three-dimensional networks of Haversian systems in human cortical bone in order to observe and analyse interconnectivity of Haversian systems and the development of total Haversian networks across differe
PMID 26749084

Japanese Journal

Finite Element Study of the Effect of Osteon Morphology Variation Related Ageing, Osteoporosis, or Physical Activity Level on Its Poroelastic Behaviors

Yu Wei-Lun,Cen Hai-Peng,Wu Xiao-Gang,Guo Yuan,Li Chao-Xin,Wang Yan-Qin,Chen Wei-Yi
Journal of hard tissue biology 27(4), 333-341, 2018-10
NAID 40021727352

骨粗鬆症診療における骨形態計測学の貢献 (第19回日本骨粗鬆症学会) -- (シンポジウム骨粗鬆症臨床への骨形態計測学からの貢献)

田中伸哉
日本骨粗鬆症学会雑誌 = The journal of Japan Osteoporosis Society 4(1), 76-81, 2018
NAID 40021489944

How is residual stress/strain detected in bone tissue ?

TADANO Shigeru,YAMADA Satoshi
Mechanical Engineering Reviews 3(2), 15-00291-15-00291, 2016
… The correlation between the residual stress and the osteon structures was indicated and the difference of residual stress with growth was revealed. …
NAID 130005162174

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨単位」「nutrient canal」
拡張検索	「osteonal」
関連記事	「osteo」

「骨単位」

Osteon
	Diagram of compact bone from a transverse section of a long bone's cortex.
Details
Latin	Osteon
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_08/12601039
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

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英: osteon
同: オステオン
関: ハヴァース管

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オステオン : 約 799 件
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関: feeding tube、Haversian canal、Haversian system、osteon

「osteonal」

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骨単位の

関: Haversian system、osteon

「osteo」

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骨

関: bone、os、osseous

[brittanica-1] "Osteon," Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2009); retrieved 23 June 2009.

[2] Robling, Alexander D.; Stout, Sam D. 1999 "Morphology or the Drifting Osteon," Cells Tissues Organs 164:192-204

[3] Monika Martiniaková, Radoslav Omelka, Birgit Grosskopf, Alexander V. Sirotkin, and Peter Chrenek, 2008, "Sex-related variation in compact bone microstructure of the femoral diaphysis in juvenile rabbits," Acta Vet Scand. 50(1): 15ff

[4] Pfeiffer, Susan; Crowder, Christian; Harrington, Lesley; and Brown, Michael, 2006, "Secondary osteon and haversian canal dimensions as behavioral indicators," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 131 (4): 460 - 468

[5] Martiniaková, Monika. 2006. Differences in Bone Microstructure of Mammalian Skeletons. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra: Nitra, Slovakia

[6] Chinsamy, Anusuya (1995). "Ontogenetic Changes in the Bone Histology of the Late Jurassic Ornithopod 'Dryosaurus Lettowvorbecki'". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (1): 96–104. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011209.

[7] Reid, R. E. H. (1984). "Primary Bone and Dinosaurian Physiology". Geological Magazine. 121 (6): 589–598. doi:10.1017/S0016756800030739.

Osteon
Diagram of compact bone from a transverse section of a long bone's cortex.
Details
Latin	Osteon
Dorlands /Elsevier	o_08/12601039
*Anatomical terminology* [edit on Wikidata]

匿名

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案内

案内

osteon