関: Osgood-Schlatter disease、osteochondritis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/01 18:58:30」(JST)

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Osteochondrosis is a family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children and adolescents and in rapidly growing animals, particularly pigs, horses, and dogs. They are characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, in particular to the epiphysis,^[1] followed by localized bony necrosis,^[2] and later, regrowth of the bone.^[3] This disorder is defined as a focal disturbance of endochondral ossification and is regarded as having a multifactorial etiology, so no one thing accounts for all aspects of this disease.^[1]

Cause[edit source | edit]

The ultimate cause for these conditions is unknown, but the most commonly cited etiologic factors are rapid growth, heredity, trauma (or overuse), anatomic conformation, and dietary imbalances; however, only anatomic conformation and heredity are well supported by scientific literature. The way that the disease is initiated has been debated. Although failure of chondrocyte differentiation, formation of a fragile cartilage, failure of blood supply to the growth cartilage, and subchondral bone necrosis all have been proposed as the starting point in the pathogenesis, recent literature strongly supports failure of blood supply to growth cartilage as most likely.^[1] Osteochondrosis in pigs has been shown to be a condition responsive to supplementation with the essential trace element boron and may be a manifestation of boron deficiency.^{[citation needed]}

Presentation[edit source | edit]

These conditions nearly all present with an insidious onset of pain referred to the location of the bony damage. Some, notably Kienbock's disease of the wrist, may involve considerable swelling,^[4] and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease of the hip causes the victim to limp.^[5] The spinal form, Scheuermann's disease, may cause bending, or kyphosis of the upper spine, giving a "hunch-back" appearance.^[6]

Human osteochondrosis[edit source | edit]

In humans, these conditions may be classified into three groups:

Spinal: Scheuermann's disease (of the interspinal joints) which is a curve in the thoracic spine.^[6]
Articular: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (or, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the hip), Köhler's disease (of the tarsal navicular bone of the foot), Panner's disease (of the capitulum of the elbow), and Freiberg's infraction (of the second or third metatarsal of the foot and less frequently the first or fourth; sometimes called Freiberg's Infraction or Freiberg's disease)^[7]
Non-articular: This group includes Sever's disease (of the calcaneus, or heel), and Kienbock's disease of the hand, and other conditions not completely characteristic of the osteochondrosis, such as Osgood-Schlatter's disease (of the tibial tubercle) and Osteochondritis dissecans.^[7]

Prognosis[edit source | edit]

The term osteochondrosis has been used to describe a wide range of lesions among different species. There are different types of the prognosis: latens, which is a lesion restricted to epiphyseal cartilage, manifesta, a lesion paired with a delay in endochondral ossification, and dissecans which is acleft formation in the articular cartilage.^[1] The prognosis for these conditions is very variable, and depends both on the anatomic site and on the time at which it is detected. In some cases of osteochondrosis, such as Sever's disease and Freiberg's infraction, the involved bone may heal in a relatively normal shape and leave the patient asymptomatic.^[8] On the contrary, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease frequently results in a deformed femoral head that leads to arthritis and the need for joint replacement.^[5]

References[edit source | edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ytrehus B, Carlson CS, Ekman S (July 2007). "Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis". Vet. Pathol. 44 (4): 429–48. doi:10.1354/vp.44-4-429. PMID 17606505.
^ "osteochondrosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Medical College of Wisconsin
^ "Bone Scintigraphy in Kienbock's Disease". Retrieved 2008-11-17.
^ ^a ^b "Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease". Retrieved 2008-11-17.
^ ^a ^b "Scheuermann's Disease - Orthogate - Improving orthopedic care, education and research with Internet technologies". Retrieved 2008-11-17.
^ ^a ^b [C:\WINDOWS\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OV2L4B0J\osteochondrosis[1].html Osteochondrosis / Osteochondritis]. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
^ "Sever’s Disease - The Southern California Orthopedic Institute". Retrieved 2008-11-17.

External links[edit source | edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Osteochondrosis

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 離断性骨軟骨炎（OCD）：臨床症状および診断 osteochondritis dissecans ocd clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 小児における跛行の原因に関する概要 overview of the causes of limp in children
3. Forefoot and midfoot pain in the active child or skeletally immature adolescent: Overview of causes
4. 投擲による上肢の傷害：臨床症状および診断的アプローチ throwing injuries of the upper extremity clinical presentation and diagnostic approach
5. Elbow injuries in active children or skeletally immature adolescents: Approach

English Journal

Prevalence and characteristics of osteochondrosis in 309 Spanish Purebred horses.

Boado A1, López-Sanromán FJ2.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997).Vet J.2015 Dec 3. pii: S1090-0233(15)00394-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.024. [Epub ahead of print]
Articular osteochondrosis (OC) is commonly reported in horses but there are no reports of its prevalence in the Spanish Purebred (SP). The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of OC of the tarsocrural, dorsal metacarpo-metatarsophalangeal and femoropatellar joints
PMID 26670332

Heritabilities of health traits in Swiss Warmblood horses.

Lauper M1, Gerber V1, Ramseyer A1, Burger D1, Lüth A2, Koch C1, Dolf G3.
Equine veterinary journal.Equine Vet J.2015 Nov 5. doi: 10.1111/evj.12537. [Epub ahead of print]
REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY: There is a lack of evidence regarding genetic parameters of health traits in Swiss Warmblood horses.OBJECTIVES: To estimate heritabilities of equine sarcoid disease, horn quality of the hooves, prognathism and increased filling of talocrural joints as a possible ind
PMID 26538098

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and lameness in broilers: a review.

Wideman RF Jr1.
Poultry science.Poult Sci.2015 Nov 2. pii: pev320. [Epub ahead of print]
This review focuses on a specific cause of lameness known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis ( BCO: ) in broilers. Rapid increases in body weight impose excessive torque and shear stress on structurally immature epiphyseal and physeal cartilage, primarily in the proximal femora, proxima
PMID 26527707

Japanese Journal

保存療法による経過からみた病態 (特集肘離断性骨軟骨炎の病態に迫る)

整形・災害外科 58(8), 1023-1032, 2015-07
NAID 40020526591

State-of-the-art ultrasonographic findings in lower extremity sports injuries

The Journal of Medical Investigation 62(3.4), 109-113, 2015
NAID 130005099154

成長期のスポーツ外傷・障害の特徴

日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 22(3), 535-539, 2014
NAID 40020205437

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨軟骨症」「osteochondritis」

「骨軟骨症」

Osteochondrosis
	Classification and external resources
	; Microscopic view of osteochondritis dissecans in a Danish sow (bar = 200 μm)
ICD-10	M42, M91-M93
ICD-9	732
DiseasesDB	9320
MeSH	D010007

　　[★]

英: osteochondrosis
関: 骨軟骨炎、骨端症、オスグッド・シュラッター病

「osteochondritis」

　　[★]

骨軟骨炎、骨端症

関: Osgood-Schlatter disease、osteochondrosis

[pmid17606505-1] Ytrehus B, Carlson CS, Ekman S (July 2007). "Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis". Vet. Pathol. 44 (4): 429–48. doi:10.1354/vp.44-4-429. PMID 17606505.

[2] "osteochondrosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[3] Medical College of Wisconsin

[urlBone_Scintigraphy_in_Kienbocks_Disease-4] "Bone Scintigraphy in Kienbock's Disease". Retrieved 2008-11-17.

[urlLegg-Calv.C3.A9-Perthes_Disease-5] "Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease". Retrieved 2008-11-17.

[urlScheuermanns_Disease_-_Orthogate_-_Improving_orthopedic_care.2C_education_and_research_with_Internet_technologies-6] "Scheuermann's Disease - Orthogate - Improving orthopedic care, education and research with Internet technologies". Retrieved 2008-11-17.

[pmid-7] [C:\WINDOWS\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\OV2L4B0J\osteochondrosis[1].html Osteochondrosis / Osteochondritis]. Retrieved 2008-11-16.

[urlSever.E2.80.99s_Disease_-_The_Southern_California_Orthopedic_Institute-8] "Sever’s Disease - The Southern California Orthopedic Institute". Retrieved 2008-11-17.

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osteochondrosis