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Orotic acid is a heterocyclic compound and an acid; it is also known as pyrimidinecarboxylic acid. Historically it was believed to be part of the Vitamin B complex and was called vitamin B₁₃, but it is now known that it is not a vitamin.

The compound is manufactured in the body via a mitochondrial enzyme, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.^[1] or a cytoplasmic enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis pathway. It is sometimes used as a mineral carrier in some dietary supplements (to increase their bioavailability), most commonly for lithium orotate.

Synthesis of orotate[edit]

Dihydroorotate is synthesized to orotic acid by the enzyme dihydroorate dehydrogenase, where it later combines with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form orotidine-5'-monophosphate (OMP). A distinguishing characteristic of pyrimidine synthesis is that the pyrimidine ring is fully synthesized before being attached to the ribose sugar, whereas purine synthesis happens by building the base directly on the sugar.^[2]

Orotic acid diseases[edit]

A buildup of orotic acid can lead to orotic aciduria and acidemia. It may be a symptom of an increased ammonia load due to a metabolic disorder, such as a urea cycle disorder.

In ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency, an X-linked inherited and the most common urea cycle disorder, excess carbamoyl phosphate is converted into orotic acid. This leads to an increased serum ammonia level, increased serum and urinary orotic acid levels and a decreased serum BUN level. This also leads to an increased urinary orotic acid excretion, because the orotic acid is not being properly utilized and must be eliminated. The hyperammonemia depletes alpha-ketoglutarate leading to the inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) decreasing ATP production.

Orotic acid can be mutagenic (causes mutations) in mammalian somatic cells. It is also mutagenic for bacteria and or yeast.

References[edit]

^ Rawls J. et al. (2000) Requirements for the mitochondrial import and localization of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Eur. J. Biochem.
^ Lippincott. Biochemistry 4th Edition. 2008

External links[edit]

Orotic Acid at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Overview at ggc.org
Overview at greatvistachemicals.com
Overview of Potential Metabolic Antagonists
http://www.harshachemicals.com

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オロト酸」「オロト酸塩」「オロチン酸塩」
拡張検索	「dihydroorotate oxidase」「magnesium orotate」

「オロト酸」

Orotic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Legal status	?
Identifiers
CAS number	65-86-1
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 967
DrugBank	DB02262
ChemSpider	942
UNII	61H4T033E5
KEGG	C00295
Chemical data
Formula	C5H4N2O4
Mol. mass	156.10 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(O)\C1=C\C(=O)NC(=O)N1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H4N2O4/c8-3-1-2(4(9)10)6-5(11)7-3/h1H,(H,9,10)(H2,6,7,8,11) ; Key:PXQPEWDEAKTCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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