オレンジオイル、オレンジ油

WordNet

of the color between red and yellow; similar to the color of a ripe orange (同)orangish
any citrus tree bearing oranges (同)orange tree
any pigment producing the orange color
orange color or pigment; any of a range of colors between red and yellow (同)orangeness
round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees
cover with oil, as if by rubbing; "oil the wooden surface"
a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist (同)oil_color, oil colour
treated with oil; "oiled country roads"; "an oiled walnut table"
a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean (同)Orange River

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『オレンジ』,柑橘(かんきつ)類 / 〈U〉オレンジ色,だいだい(橙)色 / オレンジ色の,だいだい色の / オレンジからできた,オレンジで風味を付けた
〈U〉〈C〉『油』;油状物 / =petroleum / 《複数形で》=oil paint / =oil painting / …‘に'油を塗る,油を引く,油を差す
油を差した(しみ込ませた) / 《俗》酒に酔った(drunk)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/30 02:58:58」(JST)

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Citrus sinensis (L.) Histoire et culture des orangers A. Risso et A. Poiteau. - Paris Henri Plon, Editeur, 1872

Orange oil is an essential oil produced by cells within the rind of an orange fruit (Citrus sinensis fruit). In contrast to most essential oils, it is extracted as a by-product of orange juice production by centrifugation, producing a cold-pressed oil.^[1] It is composed of mostly (greater than 90%) d-limonene,^[2] and is often used in place of pure d-limonene. D-limonene can be extracted from the oil by distillation.

Limonene

Limonene gives citrus fruit their familiar aroma, and is therefore used in perfume and household cleaners for its fragrance. It is also an effective, environmentally friendly, and relatively safe solvent, which makes it an active ingredient of choice in many applications, such as, adhesive and stain removers, cleaners of various sorts, and strippers. Limonene is also highly useful in agriculture.

Composition

The compounds inside an orange oil varies with each different oil extraction. Composition variety happens as a result of regional and seasonal changes as well as the method used for extraction. Several hundred compounds have been identified with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Most of the substances in the oil belong to the terpene group with limonene being the dominant one. Long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon alcohols and aldehydes like 1-octanol and octanal are second important group of substances.

Compound	Italian Orange Oil^[3] Concentration [%]	Valencia orange oil^[4] Concentration [%]	Valencia orange oil^[5] Concentration [%]	Valencia orange oil^[6] Concentration [%]
Limonene	93.67	91.4	95.17	97.0
α-Pinene	0.65	1.4	0.42	–
Sabinene and β-Pinene	1.00	0.4	0.24	–
Myrcene	2.09	4.3	1.86	0.03
Octanal	0.41	–	-	–
Linalool	0.31	0.8	0.25	0.3
δ-3-Carene	0.31	–	–	–
Decanal	0.27	0.4	0.28	–

The presence of sinensetin explains the orange color.^[7]

Hazards

The limonene which is the main component of the oil is a mild irritant, as it dissolves protective skin oils. Limonene and its oxidation products are skin irritants, and limonene-1,2-oxide (formed by aerial oxidation) is a known skin sensitizer. Most reported cases of irritation have involved long-term industrial exposure to the pure compound, e.g. during degreasing or the preparation of paints. However a study of patients presenting dermatitis showed that 3% were sensitized to limonene.

Limonene has been observed to cause cancer in male rats, by reacting with α2u-globulin, which is not produced by female rats. There is no evidence for carcinogenicity or genotoxicity in humans. The IARC classifies d-limonene under Class 3: not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.^[8]

Limonene is also flammable.^[9]

Biological pest control

Orange oil can be used in biological pest control green pesticides. It can kill an ant, as well as a whole colony of ants. Orange oil also erases an ant's scent-pheromone trail indicators and disrupt re-infestation activities in ants.^[10] Their use in organic farming is becoming increasingly important because of their non-toxic nature.^[11] They are commonly used in kitchens to safely repel ants.

Orange oil is also known to be useful to control or exterminate termites of the Drywood (Kalotermitidae) variety.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Dominic W. S. Wong (1989). Mechanism and theory in food chemistry. Springer. p. 253. ISBN 0-442-20753-0.
^ K. Bauer, D. Garbe, and H. Surburg, "Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials", 4th Ed, Wiley VCH, 2001, ISBN 3-527-30364-2. 189.
^ A. Verzera, A. Trozzi, G. Dugo, G. Di Bella, A. Cotroneo (2004). "Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil composition". Flavour and Fragrance Journal 19 (6): 544–548. doi:10.1002/ffj.1348.
^ J. Pino *, M. Sánchez, R. Sánchez, E. Roncal (2006). "Chemical composition of orange oil concentrates". Nahrung / Food 36 (6): 539–542. doi:10.1002/food.19920360604.
^ J. D. Vora , R. F. Matthews , P. G. Crandall , R. Cook (1983). "Preparation and Chemical Composition of Orange Oil Concentrates". Journal of Food Science 48 (4): 1197–1199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb09190.x.
^ R. L. Colman, E. D. Lund, M. G. Moshonas (1969). "Composition of Orange Essence Oil". Journal of Food Science 34 (6): 610–611. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12102.x.
^ Steinke, K., Jose, E., Sicker, D., Siehl, H.-U., Zeller, K.-P. and Berger, S. (2013), Sinensetin. Chemie in unserer Zeit, 47: 158–163. doi:10.1002/ciuz.201300627
^ "Limonene" MyTamanuOil.com
^ "Safety data (MSDS) for limonene". Fisher Scientific UK. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
^ "A Review of "Organic" and Other Alternative Methods for Fire Ant Control" (PDF).
^ "The Orange Oil".

External links

The Effect of Citrus Oils on Fruit Flies

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Zhang J1, Bing L2, Reineccius GA2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.078. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Modified starch (MS) and Quillaja saponins (QS) were compared to fabricate and stabilize orange oil nanoemulsions using microfluidization. Ester gum (EG) was incorporated in the oil phase at variable proportions (0-60%) as Ostwald ripening inhibitor and viscosity modifier. Optimal viscosity ratios o
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Formation and stabilization of nanoemulsion-based vitamin E delivery systems using natural biopolymers: Whey protein isolate and gum arabic.

Ozturk B1, Argin S2, Ozilgen M2, McClements DJ3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Dec 1;188:256-63. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 May 2.
Natural biopolymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum arabic (GA), were used to fabricate emulsion-based delivery systems for vitamin E-acetate. Stable delivery systems could be formed when vitamin E-acetate was mixed with sufficient orange oil prior to high pressure homogenization. WPI (d32=0.11
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Nanoemulsion delivery systems for oil-soluble vitamins: Influence of carrier oil type on lipid digestion and vitamin D3 bioaccessibility.

Ozturk B1, Argin S2, Ozilgen M2, McClements DJ3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 15;187:499-506. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.065. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
The influence of carrier oil type on the bioaccessibility of vitamin D3 encapsulated within oil-in-water nanoemulsions prepared using a natural surfactant (quillaja saponin) was studied using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model: mouth; stomach; small intestine. The rate of free fatty acid
PMID 25977056

Japanese Journal

Synthesis and Properties of New Liquid Crystalline Organogelators with a Tris[4-(benzoylamino)phenyl]amine Core

Kubo Kanji,Moriyama Yuichiro,Ujiie Seiji,Mori Akira
Chemistry Letters 44(7), 984-986, 2015
… Furthermore tris[4-(benzoylamino)phenyl]amine derivatives gelled organic liquids such as n-hexane, decane, hexadecene, ethanol, 1-hexanol, 1-decanol, chloroform, toluene, salad oil, limonene, linalool, nerol, citronellol, linalyl acetate, lemon oil, lavender oil, orange oil, and rose oil. …
NAID 130005085163

Synthesis and Properties of Liquid Crystalline Organogelators with Cholesteryl 4-(4′-Alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoates

Kubo Kanji,Tsuji Kazuki,Ujiie Seiji,Mori Akira
Chemistry Letters 43(4), 568-570, 2014
… Furthermore, cholesteryl 4-(4′-alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoate gelled organic liquid such as n-decane, n-hexadecene, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-decanol, toluene, salad oil, linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, limonene, linalyl acetate, lavender oil, orange oil, and lemon oil. …
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Effect of gutta-percha solvents on fiberglass post bond strength to root canal dentin

Guedes Orlando A.,S. Chaves Gustavo,H. G. Alencar Ana,H. Borges Álvaro,R. A. Estrela Cyntia,J. Soares Carlos,Estrela Carlos
Journal of Oral Science 56(2), 105-112, 2014
… Forty bovine incisors were decoronated, prepared, filled, and randomly distributed into four groups (n = 10) according to the gutta-percha solvent used: control, xylene, eucalyptol and orange oil. … however, it did not differ significantly from the xylene and orange oil groups (P > … No difference was observed in the values of the xylene, orange oil, and eucalyptol groups (P > …
NAID 130004479923