関: nucleus olivaris、olivary nucleus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/12 22:14:36」(JST)

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In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei.

Structure

The olivary body is located on the anterior surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramid, from which it is separated by the antero-lateral sulcus and the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.

Behind (dorsally), it is separated from the postero-lateral sulcus by the ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus. In the depression between the upper end of the olive and the pons lies the vestibulocochlear nerve.

In humans, it measures about 1.25 cm. in length, and between its upper end and the pons there is a slight depression to which the roots of the facial nerve are attached.

The external arcuate fibers wind across the lower part of the pyramid and olive and enter the inferior peduncle.

Olivary nuclei

The olive consists of two parts:

The inferior olivary nucleus (or 'complex'), which is a part of the olivo-cerebellar system and is mainly involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function.
The superior olivary nucleus, considered part of the pons and part of the auditory system, aiding the perception of sound.

The inferior olive in itself is divided to 3 main nuclei:

The primary olivary nucleus (PO) which consist of the major laminar structure.
The medial accessory olivary nucleus (MAO) lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally.
The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (DAO) is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus.

Small additional inferior olivary structures consist of the dorsal cap of Kooy and the ventrolateral outgrowth.

Additional images

Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V).
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.
The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.
Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.
Basal view of a human brain

External links

Gray's s187 (primary source for article)
Stained brain slice images which include the "Olivary%20nucleus" at the BrainMaps project

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Altered brainstem auditory evoked potentials in a rat central sensitization model are similar to those in migraine.

Arakaki X1, Galbraith G2, Pikov V3, Fonteh AN4, Harrington MG5.
Brain research.Brain Res.2014 May 14;1563:110-21. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.033. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Migraine symptoms often include auditory discomfort. Nitroglycerin (NTG)-triggered central sensitization (CS) provides a rodent model of migraine, but auditory brainstem pathways have not yet been studied in this example. Our objective was to examine brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in r
PMID 24680742

Cerebellar Inhibitory Output Shapes the Temporal Dynamics of Its Somatosensory Inferior Olivary Input.

Hogri R1, Segalis E, Mintz M.
Cerebellum (London, England).Cerebellum.2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
The cerebellum is necessary and sufficient for the acquisition and execution of adaptively timed conditioned motor responses following repeated paired presentations of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. The underlying plasticity depends on the convergence of conditioned and uncond
PMID 24715606

Frequency of Bilateral Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration in a Large Retrospective Cohort.

Carr CM1, Hunt CH, Kaufmann TJ, Kotsenas AL, Krecke KN, Wood CP.
Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging.J Neuroimaging.2014 Apr 9. doi: 10.1111/jon.12118. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is an uncommon type of transneuronal degeneration. Case reports and case series described in the literature provide a foundation of our current knowledge of HOD. These reports have described HOD most frequently to be unilateral and occu
PMID 24716899

Japanese Journal

浮動性めまいを主訴に受診しoculopalatal tremorをみとめたprogressive ataxia and palatal tremorの高齢男性

臨床神経学 56(8), 560-564, 2016
NAID 130005262937

めまい症状を伴った Opalski 症候群2症例の神経耳科学的検討

Equilibrium Research 75(1), 7-15, 2016
NAID 130005142017

Neuronal specializations for the processing of interaural difference cues in the chick.

Frontiers in neural circuits 8, 2014-05-09
NAID 120005439538

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オリーブ核」
拡張検索	「inferior olivary nuclei」
関連記事	「nuclei」

「オリーブ核」

Olivary body
	The medulla, showing the olivary bodies lying adjacent to the pyramids.
	Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.
Details
Part of	Medulla
Identifiers
Latin	oliva
MeSH	A08.186.211.132.810.406.574
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_02/12589442
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]