WordNet
- a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
- of or relating to the occiput; "occipital bone"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- か,骨頭(骨端の丸い隆起で関節の形成に役立つ)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/05/08 11:33:35」(JST)
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Occipital Condyle |
Occipital bone. Outer surface. Occipital condyles are indicated by yellow arrows.
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Occipital bone. Outer surface. (Condyle for artic. with atlas labeled at lower left.)
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Latin |
Condylus occipitalis |
Gray's |
p.131 |
The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.
The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum.
The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward.
To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoöccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament.
At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal.
Contents
- 1 Additional images
- 2 In dinosaurs
- 3 References
- 4 See also
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Additional images
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Position of occipital condyle (shown in red)
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Skull and cervical vertebra. Occipital condyles (red) articulate with the superior facets of the atlas.
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Base of skull. Inferior surface.
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In dinosaurs
The occipital condyle is a rounded projection that is present on the posterior (back) of the dinosaur's skull. It articulates with the first cervical (neck) vertebra and, in effect, attaches the head of the dinosaur to its body. Functionally it allows the head to move from side to side, up and down, as well as to rotate. A combination of a number of smaller bones (such as the basioccipitals and exoccipitals) participate in the formation of this structure. The presence of a single occipital condyle in dinosaurs, crocodilians and birds is contrasted with the condition in synapsids, amphibians, and mammals including homo sapiens, where two occipital condyles are present. In most dinosaurs the occipital condyle is situated near the dorsal (upper) part of the skull and points toward the posterior of the animal. Some exceptions to this exist, such as in the iguanodontian Anabisetia saldiviai where the condyle points downward. In some dinosaurs, where the skull was not preserved, the presence of a small occipital condyle suggests to some paleontologists that the skull of the dinosaur was relatively small.
References
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
See also
Further reading
- Anderson PA, Montesano PX (July 1988). "Morphology and treatment of occipital condyle fractures". Spine 13 (7): 731–6. PMID 3194779.
- Nanda A, Vincent DA, Vannemreddy PS, Baskaya MK, Chanda A (February 2002). "Far-lateral approach to intradural lesions of the foramen magnum without resection of the occipital condyle". Journal of Neurosurgery 96 (2): 302–9. doi:10.3171/jns.2002.96.2.0302. PMID 11841072.
- Bloom AI, Neeman Z, Slasky BS, et al. (March 1997). "Fracture of the occipital condyles and associated craniocervical ligament injury: incidence, CT imaging and implications". Clinical Radiology 52 (3): 198–202. PMID 9091254.
- Tuli S, Tator CH, Fehlings MG, Mackay M (August 1997). "Occipital condyle fractures". Neurosurgery 41 (2): 368–76; discussion 376–7. PMID 9257304.
- Orbay T, Aykol S, Seçkin Z, Ergün R (May 1989). "Late hypoglossal nerve palsy following fracture of the occipital condyle". Surgical Neurology 31 (5): 402–4. PMID 2711317.
- Bolender N, Cromwell LD, Wendling L (October 1978). "Fracture of the occipital condyle". American Journal of Roentgenology 131 (4): 729–31. doi:10.2214/ajr.131.4.729. PMID 102174.
- Vishteh AG, Crawford NR, Melton MS, Spetzler RF, Sonntag VK, Dickman CA (January 1999). "Stability of the craniovertebral junction after unilateral occipital condyle resection: a biomechanical study". Journal of Neurosurgery 90 (1 Suppl): 91–8. PMID 10413132.
- Clayman DA, Sykes CH, Vines FS (August 1994). "Occipital condyle fractures: clinical presentation and radiologic detection". American Journal of Neuroradiology 15 (7): 1309–15. PMID 7976943.
- Young WF, Rosenwasser RH, Getch C, Jallo J (February 1994). "Diagnosis and management of occipital condyle fractures". Neurosurgery 34 (2): 257–60; discussion 260–1. PMID 8177386.
- Spencer JA, Yeakley JW, Kaufman HH (July 1984). "Fracture of the occipital condyle". Neurosurgery 15 (1): 101–3. PMID 6472584.
External links
- lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
- Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-2 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
- Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
- occipital condyles on Triceratops
Bones of head and neck: the neurocranium of the skull (TA A02.1.01–07, GA 2.129–155)
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Occipital |
Squama |
- external
- Inion/External occipital protuberance
- External occipital crest
- Nuchal lines
- planes
- internal
- Cruciform eminence
- Internal occipital protuberance
- Sagittal sulcus
- Internal occipital crest
- Groove for transverse sinus
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Lateral parts |
- Condyle
- Condyloid fossa
- Condylar canal
- Hypoglossal canal
- jugular
- Jugular process
- Jugular tubercle
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Basilar part |
- Pharyngeal tubercle
- Clivus
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Other |
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Parietal |
- Parietal eminence
- Temporal line
- Parietal foramen
- Sagittal sulcus
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Frontal |
Squama |
- Frontal suture
- Frontal eminence
- external
- Superciliary arches
- Glabella
- foramina
- Zygomatic process
- internal
- Sagittal sulcus
- Frontal crest
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Orbital part |
- Ethmoidal notch
- Fossa for lacrimal gland
- Trochlear fovea
- Frontal sinus
- Frontonasal duct
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Temporal |
Squama |
- Articular tubercle
- Suprameatal triangle
- Mandibular fossa
- Petrotympanic fissure
- Zygomatic process
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Mastoid part |
- Mastoid foramen
- Mastoid process (Mastoid cells)
- Mastoid notch
- Occipital groove
- Sigmoid sulcus
- Mastoid antrum (Aditus)
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Petrous part |
- Carotid canal
- Facial canal (Hiatus)
- Internal auditory meatus
- Cochlear aqueduct
- Stylomastoid foramen
- fossae
- Subarcuate fossa
- Jugular fossa
- canaliculi
- Inferior tympanic
- Mastoid
- Styloid process
- Petrosquamous suture
- (note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
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Tympanic part |
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Sphenoid |
Surfaces |
- Superior surface: Sella turcica
- Dorsum sellae
- Tuberculum sellae
- Hypophysial fossa
- Posterior clinoid processes
- Ethmoidal spine
- Chiasmatic groove
- Middle clinoid process
- Petrosal process
- Clivus
- Lateral surface: Carotid groove
- Sphenoidal lingula
- Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses
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Great wings |
- foramina
- Rotundum
- Ovale
- Vesalii
- Spinosum
- Spine
- Infratemporal crest
- Sulcus for auditory tube
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Small wings |
- Superior orbital fissure
- Anterior clinoid process
- Optic canal
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Pterygoid
processes |
- fossae
- pterygoid plates
- Pterygoid canal
- Hamulus
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Other |
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Ethmoid |
Plates |
- Cribriform plate
- Crista galli
- Olfactory foramina
- Perpendicular plate
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Surfaces |
- Lateral surface Orbital lamina
- Uncinate process
- Medial surface Superior nasal concha
- Superior meatus
- Middle nasal concha
- Middle meatus
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Labyrinth |
- Ethmoid sinus
- ethmoidal foramina
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anat (c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the cerebellopontine angle: case report.
- Hodges TR, Karikari IO, Nimjee SM, Tibaleka J, Friedman AH, Cummings TJ, Fukushima T, Friedman AH.Source*Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and ‡Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Neurosurgery.Neurosurgery.2011 Sep;69 Suppl Operative:ons117-20.
- BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:: Calcifying pseudoneoplasms are rare tumors of the neuraxis. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case in the literature of calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the cerebellopontine angle. The etiology and natural history of these neoplasms are not well understood. T
- PMID 21415795
Japanese Journal
- Transcondylar fossa approach(顆窩経由法)の微小外科解剖(<特集>手術アプローチの選択とピットフォールII-第24回微小脳神経外科解剖セミナーより-)
- 河島 雅到,松島 俊夫
- 脳神経外科ジャーナル 19(11), 810-816, 2010-11-20
- 今回われわれは,大孔外側部の微小外科解剖を述べるとともに,transcondylar fossa approach(TCFA)について解説した.TCFAでは,環椎後頭関節を傷つけずに顆窩から頚静脈結節にかけて骨削除することにより,頚静脈孔レベルで延髄外側部に広い術野を確保することができる.また,実際にこの部位の病変を手術する際は,cerebello-medullary fissureを片側性に大き …
- NAID 110007817757
Related Links
- The occipital condyles are undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, ...
Related Pictures
![Occipital Condyle](https://1mg.info/0/9/f/1738.jpg)
![Occipital Condyle](https://1mg.info/0/9/f/1739.jpg)
![Occipital Condyle File:occipital condyle](https://1mg.info/0/9/f/1740.jpg)
![occipital condyle](https://1mg.info/0/9/f/1741.jpg)
![Occipital Condyle Images & Pictures](https://1mg.info/0/9/f/1742.jpg)
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- occipital condyle
- ラ
- condylus occipitalis
[★]
- 関
- occipitalis、occiput