WordNet

a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
of or relating to the occiput; "occipital bone"

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か,骨頭(骨端の丸い隆起で関節の形成に役立つ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/08 11:33:35」(JST)

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The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.

The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum.

The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward.

To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoöccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament.

At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal.

Additional images

Position of occipital condyle (shown in red)
Skull and cervical vertebra. Occipital condyles (red) articulate with the superior facets of the atlas.
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Occipital condyle

In dinosaurs

The occipital condyle is a rounded projection that is present on the posterior (back) of the dinosaur's skull. It articulates with the first cervical (neck) vertebra and, in effect, attaches the head of the dinosaur to its body. Functionally it allows the head to move from side to side, up and down, as well as to rotate. A combination of a number of smaller bones (such as the basioccipitals and exoccipitals) participate in the formation of this structure. The presence of a single occipital condyle in dinosaurs, crocodilians and birds is contrasted with the condition in synapsids, amphibians, and mammals including homo sapiens, where two occipital condyles are present. In most dinosaurs the occipital condyle is situated near the dorsal (upper) part of the skull and points toward the posterior of the animal. Some exceptions to this exist, such as in the iguanodontian Anabisetia saldiviai where the condyle points downward. In some dinosaurs, where the skull was not preserved, the presence of a small occipital condyle suggests to some paleontologists that the skull of the dinosaur was relatively small.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Occipital condyles.

lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-2 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
occipital condyles on Triceratops

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the cerebellopontine angle: case report.

Hodges TR, Karikari IO, Nimjee SM, Tibaleka J, Friedman AH, Cummings TJ, Fukushima T, Friedman AH.Source*Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and ‡Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Neurosurgery.Neurosurgery.2011 Sep;69 Suppl Operative:ons117-20.
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:: Calcifying pseudoneoplasms are rare tumors of the neuraxis. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case in the literature of calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the cerebellopontine angle. The etiology and natural history of these neoplasms are not well understood. T
PMID 21415795

Japanese Journal

Transcondylar fossa approach(顆窩経由法)の微小外科解剖(<特集>手術アプローチの選択とピットフォールII-第24回微小脳神経外科解剖セミナーより-)

河島雅到,松島俊夫
脳神経外科ジャーナル 19(11), 810-816, 2010-11-20
今回われわれは,大孔外側部の微小外科解剖を述べるとともに,transcondylar fossa approach(TCFA)について解説した.TCFAでは,環椎後頭関節を傷つけずに顆窩から頚静脈結節にかけて骨削除することにより,頚静脈孔レベルで延髄外側部に広い術野を確保することができる.また,実際にこの部位の病変を手術する際は,cerebello-medullary fissureを片側性に大き …
NAID 110007817757

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「後頭顆」
関連記事	「occipital」

「後頭顆」

Occipital Condyle
	Occipital bone. Outer surface. Occipital condyles are indicated by yellow arrows.
	Occipital bone. Outer surface. (Condyle for artic. with atlas labeled at lower left.)
Latin	Condylus occipitalis
Gray's	p.131