WordNet

of or relating to the occiput; "occipital bone"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/13 10:53:11」(JST)

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The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.

The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum.

The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward.

To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlanto-occipital joints, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament.

At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal.

Additional images

Position of occipital condyle (shown in red)
Skull and cervical vertebra. Occipital condyles (red) articulate with the superior facets of the atlas.
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Occipital condyle

In dinosaurs

The occipital condyle is a rounded projection that is present on the posterior (back) of the dinosaur's skull. It articulates with the first cervical (neck) vertebra and, in effect, attaches the head of the dinosaur to its body. Functionally it allows the head to move from side to side, up and down, as well as to rotate. A combination of a number of smaller bones (such as the basioccipitals and exoccipitals) participate in the formation of this structure. The presence of a single occipital condyle in dinosaurs, crocodilians and birds is contrasted with the condition in synapsids, amphibians, and mammals including homo sapiens, where two occipital condyles are present. In most dinosaurs the occipital condyle is situated near the dorsal (upper) part of the skull and points toward the posterior of the animal. Some exceptions to this exist, such as in the iguanodontian Anabisetia saldiviai where the condyle points downward. In some dinosaurs, where the skull was not preserved, the presence of a small occipital condyle suggests to some paleontologists that the skull of the dinosaur was relatively small.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Occipital condyles.

lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-2 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
occipital condyles on Triceratops

English Journal

Locomotor benefits of being a slender and slick sand swimmer.

Sharpe SS1, Koehler SA2, Kuckuk RM3, Serrano M4, Vela PA4, Mendelson J 3rd5, Goldman DI6.
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PMID 25524983

Accessory cleido-occipitalis muscle: case report and review of the literature.

Paraskevas GK1, Natsis K, Ioannidis O.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie.Rom J Morphol Embryol.2013;54(3 Suppl):893-5.
PMID 24322047

8. Occipital neuralgia.

Vanelderen P1, Lataster A, Levy R, Mekhail N, van Kleef M, Van Zundert J.
Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain.Pain Pract.2010 Mar-Apr;10(2):137-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00355.x.
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Japanese Journal

Bruchformen des Condylus Occipitalis

SATERNUS K-S.
Z Rechtsmed 99, 95-108, 1987
NAID 30013042627

:特Yにレ線検査および脳神経症状による病巣診断について

鈴木安恒 [他],三宅浩郷,早崎弘晃,犬山征夫,斎藤瑛,藤井安彦,堀正人
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 69(8), 1497-1511, 1966
… of the base of the skull but also the findings of choana are able to be estimated(Fig.21, 22, 23).The frontal and lateral view of the skull also presents soft tissue tumor in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and bony erosions of atlas, axis and condylus occipitalis, etc(Fig.24, 25, 26).Laminagraphy (Fig.27, 28, 29, 30, 31), contrast nasopharyngography(Fig.32, 33) and cerebral angiography are also valuable in some cases(Fig.34).The modified occipito-mental view is the most fit for observing foramen rotundum and …
NAID 130000803280

後頭骨にまで発育せる含気蜂〓の1例

不破成和
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 57(6), 541-542, 1954
NAID 130000811612

「後頭顆」

Occipital Condyle
	Occipital bone. Outer surface. Occipital condyles are indicated by yellow arrows.
	Occipital bone. Outer surface. (Condyle for artic. with atlas labeled at lower left.)
Latin	Condylus occipitalis
Gray's	p.131
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12254729
	Anatomical terminology