- 同
- 後頭動脈
WordNet
- a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
- a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
- of or relating to the occiput; "occipital bone"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 動脈 / (道路・水路・鉄道などの)勘線,(通信の)主チャンネル
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/31 12:03:18」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Occipital artery |
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The arteries of the face and scalp. (Occipital visible at center left.)
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Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.
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| Details |
| Latin |
arteria occipitalis |
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Source
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external carotid artery |
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Vein
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occipital vein |
| Supplies |
occiput, scalp |
| Identifiers |
| Gray's |
p.556 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
a_61/12155290 |
| TA |
A12.2.05.030 |
| FMA |
49586 |
| Anatomical terminology |
The occipital artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Function
- 3 Additional images
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Structure
At its origin, it is covered by the posterior belly of the digastricus and the stylohyoideus, and the hypoglossal nerve winds around it from behind forward; higher up, it crosses the internal carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus and accessory nerves.
It next ascends to the interval between the transverse process of the atlas and the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and passes horizontally backward, grooving the surface of the latter bone, being covered by the sternocleidomastoideus, splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, and digastricus, and resting upon the rectus capitis lateralis, the obliquus superior, and semispinalis capitis.
It then changes its course and runs vertically upward, pierces the fascia connecting the cranial attachment of the trapezius with the sternocleidomastoideus, and ascends in a tortuous course in the superficial fascia of the scalp, where it divides into numerous branches, which reach as high as the vertex of the skull and anastomose with the posterior auricular and superficial temporal arteries.
Function
- Muscular branches: supply the digastric, stylohyoid, splenius, and longus capitis muscles.
- Sternocleidomastoid branch: This branch divides into upper and lower branches in the carotid triangle. The upper branch accompanies the accessory nerve to the sternocleidomastoid, and the lower branch arises near the origin of the occipital artery before entering the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Occasionally, this branch arises directly from the external carotid artery.
- Auricular branch: supplies the back of the ear. In many specimens, this branch gives rise to the mastoid branch, which supplies the dura mater, diploe, and mastoid air cells. In other specimens, the mastoid artery is a branch of the occipital artery, rather than the auricular branch.
- Meningeal branch: supplies the dura mater in the posterior cranial fossa
- Descending branches: This is the largest branch. It descends on the posterior aspect of the neck, and divides into a superficial and deep portion. The superficial portion supplies the trapezius muscle and anastomoses with the ascending branch of the transverse cervical. The deep portion anastomoses with the vertebral artery and with the a. profunda cervicalis, a branch of the costocervical trunk. Thus, branches of the occipital artery participate in anastamosis between the external carotid and the subclavian artery, thereby providing collateral circulation.[1]
Its terminal portion is accompanied by the greater occipital nerve.
Additional images
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The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.
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The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.
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Posterior primary divisions of the upper three cervical nerves.
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Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
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Lateral head anatomy detail
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Gray, Henry (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body.
External links
- lesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (parotid4)
- Diagram at stchas.edu
- Description at okstate.edu
- http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_47/47-2.HTM
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Arteries of the head and neck
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| CC |
| EC |
| sup. thyroid |
- superior laryngeal
- sternocleidomastoid branch
- infrahyoid branch
- cricothyroid branch
- glandular branches
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| asc. pharyngeal |
- posterior meningeal
- pharyngeal branches
- inferior tympanic
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| lingual |
- suprahyoid
- dorsal lingual
- deep lingual
- sublingual
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| facial |
- cervical branches (ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular)
- facial branches (inferior labial
- superior labial / nasal septum
- lateral nasal
- angular)
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| occipital |
- sternocleidomastoid
- meningeal
- occipital
- auricular
- descending
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| post. auricular |
- stylomastoid
- stapedial
- auricular
- occipital
- Parotid
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| sup. temporal |
- transverse facial
- middle temporal (zygomatico-orbital)
- anterior auricular
- frontal
- parietal
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| maxillary |
| 1st part / mandibular |
- anterior tympanic
- deep auricular
- middle meningeal (superior tympanic, petrosal)
- accessory meningeal
- inferior alveolar (mental, mylohyoid)
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| 2nd part / pterygoid |
- to muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric)
- buccal
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| 3rd part / pterygopalatine |
- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar)
- descending palatine (greater palatine, lesser palatine)
- artery of the pterygoid canal
- sphenopalatine (posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal)
- pharyngeal
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| IC |
| cervical |
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| petrous |
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cavernous/
ophthalmic |
- orbital group:anterior ethmoidal (anterior septal, anterior lateral nasal, anterior meningeal)
- posterior ethmoidal
- lacrimal (lateral palpebral)
- medial palpebral
- terminal (supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal)
ocular group: central retinal
- ciliary (short posterior, long posterior, anterior)
- hypophysial (superior, inferior)
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| Willis/Cerebral |
- ACA (anterior communicating, medial striate)
- MCA (anterolateral central, Orbitofrontal artery, Prefrontal artery, Superior terminal branch, Inferior terminal branch, Anterior temporal branch)
- posterior communicating
- anterior choroidal
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| SC |
| vertebral artery |
- meningeal
- spinal (posterior, anterior)
- basilar: pontine
- labyrinthine
- cerebellar (AICA, SCA, PICA)
- cerebral (PCA)
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| thyrocervical trunk |
| inferior thyroid |
- inferior laryngeal
- tracheal
- esophageal
- ascending cervical
- pharyngeal
- glandular branches
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| transverse cervical |
- superficial branch
- deep branch / dorsal scapular
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| suprascapular |
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| costocervical trunk |
- deep cervical
- Supreme Intercostal artery
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Index of the circulatory system
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| Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
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| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
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UpToDate Contents
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Japanese Journal
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- NAID 130004848628
Related Links
- The occipital artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles.
- The auricular branch of occipital artery supplies the back of the concha and frequently gives off a branch, which enters the skull through the mastoid foramen and supplies the dura mater, the diploë, and the mastoid cells; this latter branch ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- occipital artery (M)
- 関
- 外頚動脈
- 図：N.19,30(下行枝) KA.164(背面図),76(側面図)
起始
走行
- 顎二腹筋の後腹の下縁に沿って走る (KL.629)
- 顎二腹筋の起始近辺では顎二腹筋と乳様突起の内側を後面に走行し、後頚三角の上部から後頭に出てそのまま上行する (KA.76,164 KL.629)
分布
- 後頭部・頭頂部 (KL.629)
- 小後頭神経と同じ領域と思われる (KA.76)
枝
[★]
- 関
- occipitalis、occiput