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1. ジストニアの分類および評価classification and evaluation of dystonia [show details]
… classification, clinical features, and evaluation of dystonia. Treatment options for dystonia are discussed elsewhere. The revised classification system for dystonia is based upon clinical characteristics (axis …
2. ジストニアの治療treatment of dystonia [show details]
… topic will review the treatment of dystonia. Other clinical aspects of dystonia are discussed separately. Many oral agents have been used to treat dystonia, but they have not been extensively studied …
3. 小児における運動過多な運動障害hyperkinetic movement disorders in children [show details]
…inheritance. Historically, dystonia was classified as primary, secondary, or psychogenic depending upon the cause. By definition, primary dystonia (formerly known as dystonia musculorum deformans or idiopathic …
4. 遅発性ジスキネジア：病因、危険因子、臨床的特徴、診断tardive dyskinesia etiology risk factors clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
… sustained or jerky), torticollis, opisthotonus, shoulder dystonia, hyperextension of the arms or legs, blepharospasm, and jaw dystonia . Tardive dystonia occurs more frequently in patients younger than age …
5. 機能性不随意運動functional movement disorders [show details]
… true dystonia), dystonia occurring when the affected body part is at rest, and pain as a prominent aspect. Muscle atrophy or joint contractures may be present in longstanding functional dystonia due to …

English Journal

Progressive supranuclear palsy: a heterogeneous degeneration involving the brain stem, Basal Ganglia and cerebellum with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia.

Steele JC, Richardson JC, Olszewski J.
Seminars in neurology. 2014 Apr;34(2)129-50.
PMID 24963673

[Potential of combined physiobalneotherapy for the treatment of circulatory insufficiency in the vertebro-basiliar system].

Gorbunov FE, Sichinava NV, Vygovskaia SN, Nyvakhova MB, Ukhanova TA.
Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury. ;(4)3-7.
The main causes of the development a nd subsequent chronization of circulatory insufficiency in the vertebro-basiliar system is the deficient blood flow in vertebral arteries (VA) resulting from extravasal effects of degenerative and dystrophic changes (DDC) in the cervical segment of the spinal col
PMID 21988020

Comanagement and collaborative care of a 20-year-old female with acute viral torticollis.

, K K, R R, R R, .
Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2009 Feb;32(2)160-5.
This case study describes a patient diagnosed with acute viral torticollis and illustrates the relevant aspects of differential diagnosis and the collaborative efforts between the chiropractic and allopathic disciplines in establishing an optimum treatment protocol provided by comanagement of the ca
PMID 19243729

Japanese Journal

進行性核上性麻ひの１例:CT, SPECT, MRI所見の検討

有田和徳,山田謙慈,藤田浩史,鎌田達,吉田康洋,池尻公二
医療 44(6), 634-638, 1990
… 1987年1月の入院時, 神経学的には核上性眼球運動障害, 皮質下痴呆, 頭部を後方に反り返らせる特異なdystonia, 病的反射を伴わない四肢の腱反射亢進, 四肢の著明なrigidity, 後方への転倒傾向が認められた.<br>1)CTでは中脳の萎縮とともに大脳のびまん性の萎縮が認められた. …
NAID 130004314465