黒質線条体路
WordNet
- a trodden path (同)footpath
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 道,小道(path)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/06/12 17:46:48」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Nigrostriatal pathway can be seen projecting upward from the substantia nigra to the striatum.
The nigrostriatal pathway, or the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB), is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the striatum. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is particularly involved in the production of movement, as part of a system called the basal ganglia motor loop.
Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease,[1] leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. The symptoms of the disease typically do not show themselves until 80-90% of dopamine function has been lost.
This pathway is also implicated in producing tardive dyskinesia, one of the side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. These medications (in particular the older typical antipsychotics) block D2 dopamine receptors in multiple pathways in the brain.
The desired clinical effect of reducing psychotic symptoms is thought to be associated with blocking dopamine function in the mesolimbic pathway only. However, as many of these drugs are not selective, they block dopamine in all pathways. When this happens in the nigrostriatal pathway, similar movement problems to those found in Parkinson's disease can occur.
Contents
- 1 Other dopamine pathways
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Other dopamine pathways
Other major dopamine pathways include:
- mesocortical pathway
- mesolimbic pathway
- tuberoinfundibular pathway
See also
- antipsychotic
- dopamine
- Parkinson's disease
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Stuttering
References
- ^ Diaz, Jaime. How Drugs Influence Behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1996.
External links
- NeuroNames ancil-491
- Diagram
Neurotransmitter systems
|
|
Acetylcholine |
- Nucleus basalis of Meynert → Neocortex
- Septal nuclei (Medial septal nucleus) → Fornix → Hippocampus
|
|
BA/M |
Dopaminergic pathways |
- Mesocortical pathway: Ventral tegmental area → Frontal cortex
- Mesolimbic pathway: Ventral tegmental area → Nucleus accumbens
- Nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum
- Tuberoinfundibular pathway: Hypothalamus → Pituitary gland
|
|
Norepinephrine |
|
|
Serotonin pathways |
- Raphe nuclei
- Anterior raphespinal tract
- Lateral raphespinal tract
|
|
|
AA |
Aspartate |
|
|
GABA |
|
|
Glycine |
|
|
Glutamate |
- Thalamus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Globus pallidus
|
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
|
Sensory/
ascending |
PCML |
1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
|
2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
|
|
3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
|
|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
|
Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
|
|
|
|
Motor/
descending |
Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
|
Extrapyramidal |
flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
|
|
flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
|
extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
|
|
extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
|
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
|
Basal ganglia |
direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
|
|
indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
|
|
nigrostriatal pathway: |
|
|
|
|
Cerebellar |
Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
|
Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
|
noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Cannabinoid-dopamine interactions in the physiology and physiopathology of the basal ganglia.
- García C1,2,3, Palomo-Garo C1,2,3, Gómez-Gálvez Y1,2,3, Fernández-Ruiz J1,2,3.
- British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2016 Jul;173(13):2069-79. doi: 10.1111/bph.13215. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
- Endocannabinoids and their receptors play a modulatory role in the control of dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia. However, this influence is generally indirect and exerted through the modulation of GABA and glutamate inputs received by nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which lack cannabino
- PMID 26059564
- IGF-1 protects dopamine neurons against oxidative stress: association with changes in phosphokinases.
- Ayadi AE1,2, Zigmond MJ1, Smith AD3,4.
- Experimental brain research.Exp Brain Res.2016 Jul;234(7):1863-73. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4572-1. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an endogenous peptide transported across the blood brain barrier that is protective in several brain injury models, including an acute animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor deficits in PD are due largely to the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopam
- PMID 26894890
- [Effect of 5-HT7 receptor agonist on pyramidal neurons in the medial frontal cortex in a rat model of Parkinson's disease].
- Fan LL1, Deng B, Yan JB, Hu ZH, Ren AH, Hu YM, Yang DW.
- Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University.Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao.2016 Jun 20;36(6):756-62.
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activity of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of normal and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and the responses of the neurons to 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 (5-HT7) receptor stimulation.METHODS: The changes in spontaneous firing of the pyramidal neurons in the mPFC
- PMID 27320874
Japanese Journal
- Hypoprolactinemia and Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Male Schizophrenia or Psychotic Affective Disorder Patients Treated with Aripiprazole
- Nakamura Masaru,Nagamine Takahiko
- Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Therapeutics 3(0), 18-22, 2012
- … These results suggest that aripiprazole could act as a "net antagonist" in the nigrostriatal pathway, and that the development of EPS may be associated with lower prolactin levels in male subjects. … Simultaneously, aripiprazole acts as a strong dose-dependent "net agonist" in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, and causes severe hypoprolactinemia that may be associated with adverse events in aripiprazole monotherapy. …
- NAID 130002136724
- Reconstruction and quantitative evaluation of dopaminergic innervation of striatal neurons in dissociated primary cultures
- Wakita Seiko,Izumi Yasuhiko,Matsuo Takaaki,Kume Toshiaki,Takada-Takatori Yuki,Sawada Hideyuki,Akaike Akinori
- Journal of neuroscience methods 192(1), 83-89, 2010-09-30
- … Repairing the nigrostriatal pathway is expected to become a future treatment strategy for Parkinson disease. … Our aim is to establish an in vitro model for the quantitative analysis of the nigrostriatal projections of dopaminergic neurons using primary dissociated neruons. … These results indicate that the present method is valuable for evaluating nigrostriatal projections in vitro. …
- NAID 120002484968
Related Links
- Nigrostriatal pathway is the efferent connection between the susbtantia nigra and corpus striatum.Nigrostriatal pathway is one of the major dopamine pathways in the brain.Nigrostriatal pathway is particularly involved in the production ...
- The nigrostriatal pathway, or the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB), is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen). It is one of the four major dopamine pathways ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- nigrostriatal pathway
- 関
- 黒質、線条体
[★]
- 関
- route