WordNet

any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
of or relating to or caused by neuromas
hypertrophy of a limb

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/15 19:54:26」(JST)

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A neuroma /njuːˈroʊmə/ (plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue.^[1] Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms.

Neuromas can arise from different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas.

The term is also used to refer to any swelling of a nerve, even in the absence of abnormal cell growth. In particular, traumatic neuroma results from trauma to a nerve, often during a surgical procedure. Morton's neuroma affects the foot. Neuromas can be painful, or sometimes, as in the case of acoustic neuromas, can give rise to other symptoms.

Neoplasms

Acoustic neuroma - a slow-growing, benign tumor of the acoustic nerve.^[2] Symptoms, which most often start after the age of 30, can include dizziness, headache, vertigo, loss of balance, ringing sensations, and numbness.^[3]
Ganglioneuroma - a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells.^[4]
Pacinian neuroma - a very rare, painful, benign hyperplastic tumor of Pacinian corpuscles (mechanoreceptors responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure), sometimes linked to a history of local trauma.^[5]

Other nerve swellings

Some of the benign varieties of neuroma, in the broadest sense of the term, are not neoplasms.

Traumatic neuroma follows different forms of nerve injury (often as a result of surgery). They occur at the end of injured nerve fibres as a form of ineffective, unregulated nerve regeneration; it occurs most commonly near a scar, either superficially (skin, subcutaneous fat) or deep (e.g., after a cholecystectomy). They are often very painful. Synonyms include scar neuroma, amputation neuroma, or pseudoneuroma.
Morton's neuroma (a mononeuropathy of the foot) is another example of the more general usage of the term neuroma. Some prefer the term "Morton's metatarsalgia", thus avoiding the term neuroma and its association with tumors.^[6]

Etymology

The stem neuro- originates from the Greek word for nerve (νεῦρον), while the suffix -oma (-ωμα) denotes swelling.^[7] The stem does not imply that neuromas necessarily arise from neurons; neuromas generally arise from non-neuronal nerve tissues. The word was originally used to refer to any nerve tumor, but its meaning has evolved.^[7]

References

^ "Neuroma". Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 5287. ISBN 978-1-4557-0985-4. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
^ "Acoustic Neuroma". NHS Choices. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
^ "Acoustic neuroma". PubMed Health. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. NLM. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
^ Gross, Kenneth (2006-09-25). "Ganglioneuroma". Retrieved 2007-05-09.
^ Zanardi F, Cooke RM, Maiorana A, Curti S, Farioli A, Bonfiglioli R, Violante FS, Mattioli S (2011). ""Is this case of a very rare disease work-related?" A review of reported cases of Pacinian neuroma". Scand J Work Environ Health. 37 (3): 253–8. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3132. PMID 21082159.
^ Morton's metatarsalgia at GPnotebook
^ ^a ^b "neuroma". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末梢神経腫瘍 peripheral nerve tumors
2. 成人における足の痛みの評価と一般的な原因の診断 evaluation and diagnosis of common causes of foot pain in adults
3. 下肢ランニング障害の概要 overview of running injuries of the lower extremity
4. 前庭神経鞘腫（聴神経腫） vestibular schwannoma acoustic neuroma
5. 骨盤手術に関連する神経損傷 nerve injury associated with pelvic surgery

English Journal

Scleral contact lenses as an alternative to tarsorrhaphy for the long-term management of combined exposure and neurotrophic keratopathy.

Weyns M, Koppen C, Tassignon MJ.Source*Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium †Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Cornea.Cornea.2013 Mar;32(3):359-61. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31825fed01.
PURPOSE: : Most ophthalmologists are unaware of the therapeutic applications of gas-permeable scleral contact lenses for the prevention and treatment of ocular complications in patients with facial nerve palsy and concomitant neuroparalysis.METHODS: : The case reports refer to 3 patients who develop
PMID 23073486

Headache pain of ear, nose, throat, and sinus origin.

Waldman SD, Waldman CW, Waldman JE.SourceSchool of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, Missouri, MO 64108, USA. Electronic address: sdwaldmanmd@gmail.com.
The Medical clinics of North America.Med Clin North Am.2013 Mar;97(2):309-19. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.005. Epub 2012 Dec 27.
A significant number of painful conditions of the ear, nose, and throat have the potential to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. The clinician should also remain vigilant for diseases of this anatomic region that do not cause pain but have the potential, if undiagnosed, to create significan
PMID 23419628

Failure of action potential propagation in sensory neurons: mechanisms and loss of afferent filtering in C-type units after painful nerve injury.

Gemes G, Koopmeiners A, Rigaud M, Lirk P, Sapunar D, Bangaru ML, Vilceanu D, Garrison SR, Ljubkovic M, Mueller SJ, Stucky CL, Hogan QH.SourceQ. Hogan: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. qhogan@mcw.edu.
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2013 Feb 15;591(Pt 4):1111-31. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.242750. Epub 2012 Nov 12.
Abstract The T-junction of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a potential impediment to action potential (AP) propagation towards the CNS. Using intracellular recordings from rat DRG neuronal somata during stimulation of the dorsal root, we determined that the maximal rate at wh
PMID 23148321

Japanese Journal

欧州における聴神経腫瘍手術:―Monitoring surgery による神経機能温存の最先端―

宮崎日出海
Equilibrium Research 74(2), 110-117, 2015
… The therapeutic goal of acoustic neuroma surgery is total tumor excision with preservation of the facial nerve and hearing function. … We emphasize that maximizing the recuperation period in the extended recuperation treatment strategy after reversible injury may improve the outcome after acoustic neuroma surgery. … Our hearing preservation rate after acoustic neuroma has improved to more than 70%. …
NAID 130005073093

胆嚢摘出後に発生した遺残胆嚢管癌の1例

飛永修一,山口広之,中島正洋
胆道 29(1), 131-137, 2015
症例は81歳，男性．20年前に胆石症にて腹腔鏡下胆嚢摘出術の既往がある．上腹部痛と肝機能異常を指摘され精査目的に当院紹介，腹部造影CTにて胆嚢管断端のクリップ近傍に20 mm大の造影効果を示す腫瘍性病変と胆管の拡張を認めた．ERC，MRCPでは腫瘍による右側からのなだらかな中部胆管狭窄所見を認めた．EUS，胆管内超音波検査（IDUS）で遺残胆嚢管から中部胆管へ進展する辺縁平滑な腫瘍を認め胆管断端神 …
NAID 130005067668

聴神経腫瘍例における歩行時頭部運動の3次元動作解析:―特に末梢前庭機能との関係を中心に―

板坂芳明,石川和夫,近江永豪,小泉洸
Equilibrium Research 74(1), 20-28, 2015
　Most acoustic neuromas (ANs) arise from the superior or inferior vestibular nerve. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the presence of vestibular disorders could cause unstable gait in patien …
NAID 130005063462