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any organic substance that occurs in neural activity

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/28 14:33:21」(JST)

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Neurochemistry is the specific study of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules (such as psychopharmaceuticals, neuropeptides, or gastrotransmitters) that influence the function of neurons. This field closely examines how these neurochemicals influence the network of neural operation. This evolving area of neuroscience offers a neurochemist a micro-macro connection between the analysis of organic compounds active in the nervous system and neural processes such as cortical plasticity, neurogenesis and neural differentiation.

History

In the 1950s, neurochemistry became a recognized scientific research discipline.^[1] The founding of neurochemistry as a discipline traces it origins to a series of "International Neurochemical Symposia", of which the first symposium volume published in 1954 was titled Biochemistry of the Developing Nervous System.^[2] These meetings led to the formation of the International Society for Neurochemistry and the American Society for Neurochemistry. These early gatherings discussed the tentative nature of possible neurotransmitter substances such as acetylcholine, histamine, substance P, and serotonin. By 1972, ideas were more concrete. Neurochemicals such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were classified as "putative neurotransmitters in certain neuronal tracts in the brain."

References

^ Agranoff, Bernard W. (22 July 2003). "History of Neurochemistry". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0003465. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
^ Siegel, George J.; Albers, R.W.; Brady, S.T.; Price, D.L. (2006). Basic Neurochemistry, 7th Ed. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088397-X.

External links

Basic Neurochemistry online, searchable textbook.
American Society for Neurochemistry

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English Journal

Bipolar cell gap junctions serve major signaling pathways in the human retina.

Kántor O1,2,3, Varga A3, Nitschke R4,5, Naumann A4,5, Énzsöly A3,6, Lukáts Á3, Szabó A3, Németh J6, Völgyi B7,8,9,10.
Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2017 Jan 10. doi: 10.1007/s00429-016-1360-4. [Epub ahead of print]
Connexin36 (Cx36) constituent gap junctions (GJ) throughout the brain connect neurons into functional syncytia. In the retina they underlie the transmission, averaging and correlation of signals prior conveying visual information to the brain. This is the first study that describes retinal bipolar c
PMID 28070649

The Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Striatum: A Path through the Labyrinth from Neurochemistry toward Function.

Brimblecombe KR1, Cragg SJ1.
ACS chemical neuroscience.ACS Chem Neurosci.2016 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
The striatum is a heterogeneous structure with a diverse range of neuron types and neuromodulators. Three decades of anatomical and biochemical studies have established that the neurochemical organization of striatum is not uniformly heterogeneous, but rather, can be differentiated into neurochemica
PMID 27977131

Neurochemical compartmentalization within the pigeon basal ganglia.

Bruce LL1, Erichsen JT2, Reiner A3.
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2016 Dec;78:65-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
The goals of this study were to use multiple informative markers to define and characterize the neurochemically distinct compartments of the pigeon basal ganglia, especially striatum and accumbens. To this end, we used antibodies against 12 different neuropeptides, calcium-binding proteins or neurot
PMID 27562515

Japanese Journal

Neuronal dysfunction with aging and its amelioration

ANDO Susumu
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 88(6), 266-282, 2012
… Environmental stimuli were revealed neurochemically and morphologically to develop synapses leading to enhanced cognitive function. …
NAID 130001924750