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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/06/06 17:16:37」(JST)

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The Inferior rectal nerves (inferior anal nerves, inferior hemorrhoidal nerve) usually branch from the pudendal nerve but occasionally arises directly from the sacral plexus; they cross the ischiorectal fossa along with the inferior rectal artery and veins, toward the anal canal and the lower end of the rectum, and is distributed to the Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter, EAS) and to the integument (skin) around the anus.

Branches of this nerve communicate with the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous and with the posterior scrotal nerves at the forepart of the perineum.

Supplies

Cutaneous innervation below the pectinate line and external anal sphincter.

Additional images

The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected.
Sacral plexus of the right side. (Hemorrhoidal branch of pudic labeled at bottom right.)

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 968 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Details at Oklahoma State
Anatomy photo:41:08-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Female Perineum: Contents of the Pudendal Canal"
Anatomy figure: 41:04-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Inferior view of female perineum, branches of the internal pudendal artery."
perineum at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (analtriangle3)
figures/chapter_32/32-2.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School
figures/chapter_32/32-3.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨盤手術に関連する神経損傷nerve injury associated with pelvic surgery [show details]
… 3.7 cm inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine to 2.7 cm lateral to the midline and 1.7 cm superior to pubic symphysis; Iliohypogastric − 2.1 cm medial and 0.9 cm inferior to the anterior… Individual nerve roots from S1 to S4 may be involved with vaginal or rectal surgery.… gabapentin and narcotic therapy, but 12 to 14 weeks are required to resolve the symptoms . The nervi erigentes arise from the ventral rami of S2-S4 and provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut …
2. 低侵襲手術：結腸左半切除術/S状結腸切除術、直腸切除術minimally invasive techniques left sigmoid colectomy and proctectomy [show details]
… uniformly found for rectal cancer. There is considerable controversy regarding the long-term outcomes and safety profile of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer .… with monopolar electrocautery starting inferior to the sacral promontory and continuing superiorly to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).… taking care not to progress too far laterally and risk injury to the parasympathetic nervi erigentes (S2 to S4).…
3. 大腸癌手術の腹腔内、骨盤内、および泌尿生殖器の合併症のマネージメントmanagement of intra abdominal pelvic and genitourinary complications of colorectal surgery [show details]
… dysfunction following rectal surgery is related to the extent of pelvic nerve dissection and occurs in both men and women. In men, damage to the sympathetic nerves during high ligation of the inferior mesenteric… damage to the parasympathetic plexus (nervi erigentes) during lateral and anterior dissection can lead to erectile dysfunction.…

English Journal

Role of nerve block as a diagnostic tool in pudendal nerve entrapment.

Dickson E, Higgins P, Sehgal R, Gorissen K, Jones O, Cunningham C, Hogan AM, Lindsey I.
ANZ journal of surgery. 2019 May;().
Pudendal nerve entrapment is a disabling condition which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Nantes criteria include the requirement of positive anaesthetic pudendal nerve block that is widely used to allow identification of patients likely to benefit from the definitive but invasive pudendal nerve
PMID 31090184

Establishment of Novel Intraoperative Monitoring and Mapping Method for the Cavernous Nerve During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Results of the Phase I/II, First-in-human, Feasibility Study.

Song WH, Park JH, Tae BS, Kim SM, Hur M, Seo JH, Ku JH, Kwak C, Kim HH, Kim K, Jeong CW.
European urology. 2019 May;().
Potency preservation often does not meet expectation despite nerve-sparing prostatectomy. To set the protocol for intraoperative cavernous nerve monitoring and mapping during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), and to evaluate its safety and clinical feasibility. A prospective phase I/II, f
PMID 31103393

Improving Sexual Function by Using Focal Vibrations in Men with Spinal Cord Injury: Encouraging Findings from a Feasibility Study.

Calabrò RS, Naro A, Pullia M, Porcari B, Torrisi M, La Rosa G, Manuli A, Billeri L, Bramanti P, Quattrini F.
Journal of clinical medicine. 2019 May;8(5).
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent and disabling condition in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Spasticity can negatively affect sexual intercourse, as it may interfere with positioning, mobility, and muscle activation and strength, leading to ED. The aim of our study was to evaluate the
PMID 31083543

「下直腸神経」

Inferior anal nerves
	The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery. (Inferior anal nerves visible but not labeled.)
	Pudendal nerve, its course through the lesser sciatic foramen, and branches, including inferior anal at bottom right.
Details
From	Pudendal nerve (usually); sacral plexus (occasionally)
Innervates	Sphincter ani externus and sensory around the anus
Identifiers
Latin	Nervi anales inferiores, ; nervi rectales inferiores, ; nervus haemorrhoidalis inferior
TA	A14.2.07.038
FMA	75469
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]