WordNet

of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
the head of a religious community
(often followed by `to'
(sometimes followed by `to'
having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
a muscle that serves to lift some body part (as the eyelid or lip)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2022/10/25 04:41:12」(JST)

wiki en

The levator palpebrae superioris (Latin: elevating muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the upper eyelid.^[1]^[2]

Structure

The levator palpebrae superioris originates from inferior surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic foramen. It broadens and decreases in thickness (becomes thinner) and becomes the levator aponeurosis. This portion inserts on the skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the superior tarsal plate. It is a skeletal muscle. The superior tarsal muscle, a smooth muscle, is attached to the levator palpebrae superioris, and inserts on the superior tarsal plate as well.

Blood supply

The levator palebrae superioris receives its blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery, specifically, muscular branches and the supraorbital artery. Blood is drained into the superior ophthalmic vein.

Nerve supply

The levator palpebrae superioris receives motor innervation from the superior division of the oculomotor nerve.^[1]^[2]^[3] The smooth muscle that originates from its undersurface, called the superior tarsal muscle is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion.^[2]

Function

The levator palpebrae superioris elevates the upper eyelid.^[1]^[2]

Clinical significance

Damage to this muscle or its innervation can cause ptosis, which is drooping of the eyelid.^[4]^[5] Lesions in CN III can cause ptosis,^[5] because without stimulation from the oculomotor nerve the levator palpebrae cannot oppose the force of gravity, and the eyelid droops.

Ptosis can also result from damage to the adjoining superior tarsal muscle or its sympathetic innervation. Such damage to the sympathetic supply occurs in Horner's syndrome and presents as a partial ptosis. It is important to distinguish between these two very different causes of ptosis. This can usually be done clinically without issue, as each type of ptosis is accompanied by other distinct clinical findings.

The ptosis seen in paralysis of the levator palpebrae superioris is usually more pronounced than that seen due to paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle.

Additional images

Sagittal section through the upper eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Liu, Grant T. (2003-01-01), Samuels, Martin A.; Feske, Steven K. (eds.), "Chapter 6 - Disorders of the Eyes and Eyelids", Office Practice of Neurology (Second Edition), Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 35–69, doi:10.1016/b0-44-306557-8/50008-3, ISBN 978-0-443-06557-6, retrieved 2020-11-11
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Standring, Susan, ed. (2016). ""Extraocular muscles: levator palpebrae superioris"". Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice (41st ed.). Philadelphia. p. 670. ISBN 9780702052309. OCLC 920806541.
^ Jackson, Timothy L., ed. (2008-01-01), "Chapter 1 - OCULOPLASTICS", Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology, Edinburgh: Mosby, pp. 1–54, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2572-6.50006-x, ISBN 978-1-4160-2572-6, retrieved 2020-11-11
^ Trobe, Jonathan D. (2008-01-01), Trobe, Jonathan D. (ed.), "Section 13 - Eyelid Disorders", Neuro-ophthalmology, Edinburgh: Mosby, pp. 229–239, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04456-1.50016-9, ISBN 978-0-323-04456-1
^ ^a ^b Hejtmancik, J. F.; Cabrera, P.; Chen, Y.; M’Hamdi, O.; Nickerson, J. M. (2017-01-01), Conn, P. Michael (ed.), "Chapter 19 - Vision", Conn's Translational Neuroscience, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 399–438, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802381-5.00031-2, ISBN 978-0-12-802381-5, retrieved 2020-11-11

External links

Anatomy figure: 29:01-01 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
lesson3 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (orbit2)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 眼瞼下垂症の概要overview of ptosis [show details]
…eyelids. The oculomotor or third cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris to elevate the upper eyelid. The levator palpebrae superioris becomes a tendinous aponeurosis, which fuses with the anterior …
2. 眼筋型重症筋無力症ocular myasthenia gravis [show details]
…disease is referred to as MG. When the clinical manifestations of MG are isolated to the levator palpebrae superioris, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular muscles affecting eye movement, it is referred to …
3. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults [show details]
…innervates the contralateral superior rectus muscle; The levator subnucleus is a single central caudate nucleus and innervates both levator palpebrae superioris muscles (which control the eyelids) The parasympathetic …
4. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children [show details]
…associated with other signs of mesencephalic (midbrain) involvement as described below. The levator palpebrae superioris muscles (which control the eyelids) are controlled by a single central subnucleus. Thus …
5. ホルネル症候群horner syndrome [show details]
…producing the so-called "upside-down ptosis." This further narrows the palpebral fissure. The levator palpebrae superioris is unaffected; weakness of this muscle produces the more profound upper lid ptosis seen…

English Journal

Double-bellied superior rectus muscle.

Nayak SB, Shetty SD, Kumar N, Aithal AP.
Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA. 2019 Jun;41(6)713-715.
Congenital variations of extraocular muscles are rare. We report a double-bellied superior rectus muscle, observed in an adult male cadaver aged 70 years. The superior rectus muscle had two equal-sized bellies, which took separate origins from the common tendinous ring and united to form a common b
PMID 30847519

Saccadic fatigability in the oculomotor system.

Nij Bijvank JA, van Rijn LJ, Kamminga M, Tan HS, Uitdehaag BMJ, Petzold A, Balk LJ.
Journal of the neurological sciences. 2019 May;402()167-174.
Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), but challenging to quantify. This prospective study investigated if repeated saccadic eye movements enable measurement of oculomotor fatigability and can reflect on perceived fatigue in MS. A standardized infrared o
PMID 31154074

Single Horizontal Muscle (Medial or Lateral Rectus) Transposition and Inferior Rectus Recession in Monocular Elevation Deficit: A Novel Surgical Technique.

Gandhi U, Kekunnaya R.
Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. 2019 May;56(3)183-187.
To describe a novel surgical technique for the treatment of monocular elevation deficit and report its short-term outcomes. This was a prospective interventional case series. It was an institutional-based study of 5 patients with monocular elevation deficit. A single horizontal rectus muscle was tra
PMID 31116867

Japanese Journal

THE MOTONEURONS INNERVATING THE MUSCULUS LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS IN THE MONKEY, CAT AND RABBIT

Japanese journal of ophthalmology 39(3), 209-215, 1995-05-01
NAID 10016055200

「上眼瞼挙筋」

Levator palpebrae superioris
Levator palpebrae superioris
	Rectus muscles: ; 2 = superior, 3 = inferior, 4 = medial, 5 = lateral; Oblique muscles: 6 = superior, 8 = inferior; Other muscle: 9 = levator palpebrae superioris; Other structures: 1 = Annulus of Zinn, 7 = Trochlea, 10 = Superior tarsus, 11 = Sclera, 12 = Optic nerve
	The levator palebrae superioris can be seen here, travelling above the superior rectus muscle, and ending at the upper eyelid.
Details
Origin	Inferior surface of lesser wing of sphenoid
Insertion	Superior tarsal plate and skin of upper eyelid
Artery	Muscular branches of ophthalmic artery and supraorbital artery
Nerve	Superior division of oculomotor nerve
Actions	Elevation of upper eyelid
Antagonist	Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi muscle
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus levator palpebrae superioris
TA98	A15.2.07.020
TA2	2052
FMA	49041
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: levator palpebrae superioris muscle (N,KH)
ラ: musculus levator palpebrae superioris, levator palpebrae superioris (M,KL,K)
関: 眼瞼

支配

動眼神経

機能

上眼瞼の挙上

「superior」

　　[★]

adj.

優位な, 優れた, 上の, 上方の, 上位の

関: dominance、dominant、dominantly、epi、epistasis、epistatic、excellent、good、predominately、senior、superio、superiorly、supra

「palpebra」

　　[★]

眼瞼

関: eyelid、palpebral

[:0-1] Liu, Grant T. (2003-01-01), Samuels, Martin A.; Feske, Steven K. (eds.), "Chapter 6 - Disorders of the Eyes and Eyelids", Office Practice of Neurology (Second Edition), Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 35–69, doi:10.1016/b0-44-306557-8/50008-3, ISBN 978-0-443-06557-6, retrieved 2020-11-11

[Grays2016-2] Standring, Susan, ed. (2016). ""Extraocular muscles: levator palpebrae superioris"". Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice (41st ed.). Philadelphia. p. 670. ISBN 9780702052309. OCLC 920806541.

[3] Jackson, Timothy L., ed. (2008-01-01), "Chapter 1 - OCULOPLASTICS", Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology, Edinburgh: Mosby, pp. 1–54, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2572-6.50006-x, ISBN 978-1-4160-2572-6, retrieved 2020-11-11

[4] Trobe, Jonathan D. (2008-01-01), Trobe, Jonathan D. (ed.), "Section 13 - Eyelid Disorders", Neuro-ophthalmology, Edinburgh: Mosby, pp. 229–239, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04456-1.50016-9, ISBN 978-0-323-04456-1

[:1-5] Hejtmancik, J. F.; Cabrera, P.; Chen, Y.; M’Hamdi, O.; Nickerson, J. M. (2017-01-01), Conn, P. Michael (ed.), "Chapter 19 - Vision", Conn's Translational Neuroscience, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 399–438, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802381-5.00031-2, ISBN 978-0-12-802381-5, retrieved 2020-11-11

v t e The orbit of the eye
Bones	Frontal bone Zygomatic bone Maxillary bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Palatine bone Lacrimal bone
Muscles	Superior rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Superior oblique muscle Trochlea of superior oblique Inferior oblique muscle
Eyelid	Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Tarsus Medial palpebral ligament Epicanthic fold Meibomian gland Ciliary glands Eyelash Palpebral fissure Canthus Gland of Zeis
Lacrimal apparatus	Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal caruncle Lacrimal gland Accessory lacrimal glands Krause's glands Ciaccio's glands Lacrimal lake Lacrimal papilla Lacrimal punctum Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct
Other	Eyebrow Unibrow Conjunctiva Plica semilunaris Orbital septum Periorbita Suspensory ligament of eyeball Tenon's capsule

リンク元	「上眼瞼挙筋」
関連記事	「superior」「palpebra」

匿名

検索

案内

案内

musculus levator palpebrae superioris