WordNet

touch with the mouth
the opening of a jar or bottle; "the jar had a wide mouth"
the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy" (同)oral_cavity, oral fissure, rima oris
a person conceived as a consumer of food; "he has four mouths to feed"
an opening that resembles a mouth (as of a cave or a gorge); "he rode into the mouth of the canyon"; "they built a fire at the mouth of the cave"
the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
articulate silently; form words with the lips only; "She mouthed a swear word"
the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs (同)internal_respiration, cellular_respiration
a single complete act of breathing in and out; "thirty respirations per minute"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・動物の物を食べたり,音を発する)『口』,口腔 / (口に似た)開口部;(袋・びんなどの)口,(銅穴・峡谷などの)入り口;河口,港口 / …‘を'大げさに口を動かし気どってしゃべる / 〈信じていないこと・理解していないこと〉‘を'口にする / …‘を'口に入れる,かむ,なめる
〈U〉呼吸すること(breathing)〈C〉一呼吸,一息 / 〈U〉(生物の)呼吸作用

UpToDate Contents

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1. 機械的人工換気の概要 overview of mechanical ventilation
2. 非侵襲的陽圧換気に伴う問題のトラブルシューティング troubleshooting problems with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
3. 換気調節 control of ventilation
4. 機械的人工換気からの離脱（ウィーニング）：準備テスト weaning from mechanical ventilation readiness testing
5. 機械的人工換気のモード modes of mechanical ventilation

English Journal

Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Relationships between Dyspnea Domains and Lung Function in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease.

Londner C1, Al Dandachi G, Plantier L, Gillet-Juvin K, Chevalier-Bidaud B, Mahut B, Israel-Biet D, Delclaux C.Author information 1Service de Physiologie, Clinique de la Dyspnée, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France.AbstractBackground: Activity-related dyspnea is the main contributor to the altered quality of life in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). Instruments pertaining to dyspnea are classified as pertaining to domains of sensory-perceptual experience, affective distress or symptom/disease impact; whether these domains are equally related to lung function impairments remains to be established. Objectives: They were to assess the relationships between two domains of dyspnea (sensory-perceptual experience and symptom impact) and pulmonary function tests according to their evaluation of ventilatory demand, capacity and drive in patients suffering from DPLD. Methods: Fifty patients were prospectively enrolled (median age, 58 years; 25 women) and underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, measurements of lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide, maximal airway pressures (capacity and demand assessments), mouth occlusion pressure at 0.1 s (P0.1: respiratory drive assessment) and a 6-min walk test with Borg score assessment (dyspnea: sensory domain). The impact domain of dyspnea was evaluated using the baseline dyspnea index. Results: The sensory domain of dyspnea was linked to demand (CO transfer coefficient, kCO) only, while the impact domain was independently linked to demand and capacity (kCO and forced vital capacity, respectively). Among resting pulmonary function tests, both P0.1 and DLCO allowed the assessment of these two domains of dyspnea. Conclusions: In DPLD, the sensory-perceptual domain of dyspnea is mainly linked to alterations in ventilatory demand while the impact domain is related to both demand and capacity. DLCO that assesses both demand and capacity and P0.1 were the strongest correlates of dyspnea.
Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases.Respiration.2014;87(2):105-12. doi: 10.1159/000351110. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Background: Activity-related dyspnea is the main contributor to the altered quality of life in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). Instruments pertaining to dyspnea are classified as pertaining to domains of sensory-perceptual experience, affective distress or symptom/disease impact; whether t
PMID 23988331

A randomized controlled trial of lorazepam to reduce liver motion in patients receiving upper abdominal radiation therapy.

Tsang DS1, Voncken FE, Tse RV, Sykes J, Wong RK, Dinniwell RE, Kim J, Ringash J, Brierley JD, Cummings BJ, Brade A, Dawson LA.Author information 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.AbstractPURPOSE: Reduction of respiratory motion is desirable to reduce the volume of normal tissues irradiated, to improve concordance of planned and delivered doses, and to improve image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). We hypothesized that pretreatment lorazepam would lead to a measurable reduction of liver motion.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.2013 Dec 1;87(5):881-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.024. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
PURPOSE: Reduction of respiratory motion is desirable to reduce the volume of normal tissues irradiated, to improve concordance of planned and delivered doses, and to improve image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). We hypothesized that pretreatment lorazepam would lead to a measurable reduction of li
PMID 24119833

Periostin inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis in human periodontal ligament cells via TGF-β signaling.

Aukkarasongsup P1, Haruyama N, Matsumoto T, Shiga M, Moriyama K.Author information 1Section of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.AbstractPeriostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein expressed predominantly in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of POSTN on human PDL cell apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. The percentage of apoptotic PDL cells under hypoxia was increased significantly when the endogenous POSTN gene was silenced using siRNA, but decreased when cells were treated with recombinant human POSTN (rhPOSTN), or when mouse Postn was overexpressed in vitro. Silencing POSTN during hypoxia decreased the expression of HIF prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), but increased HIF-1α protein level. Conversely, treating hypoxic cells with rhPOSTN or overexpressing Postn increased PHD2 expression but decreased HIF-1α levels. The addition of rhPOSTN in the absence of a TGF-β receptor inhibitor (SB525334) significantly decreased hypoxia-induced apoptosis, while the effects of rhPOSTN were abolished when cells were co-treated with SB525334. Consistent with this, the phosphorylation of SMAD2 was increased in hypoxic PDL cells by the knockdown of POSTN, but decreased by treatment with rhPOSTN. Under normoxia, the PHD2 expression, HIF-1α level, and apoptosis were unaffected by POSTN siRNA, rhPOSTN, or Postn overexpression. These findings suggest that, under hypoxic conditions, POSTN regulates PHD2 expression and HIF-1α levels by modulating TGF-β1 signaling, leading to decreased apoptosis.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2013 Nov 8;441(1):126-32. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.027. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein expressed predominantly in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of POSTN on human PDL cell apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. The percentage of apoptotic PDL cells under hypoxia was increased sign
PMID 24129188