mouth mucosa

• 口腔粘膜

関

buccal mucosa、oral mucosa

WordNet

1. touch with the mouth
2. the opening of a jar or bottle; "the jar had a wide mouth"
3. the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy" (同)oral_cavity, oral fissure, rima oris
4. a person conceived as a consumer of food; "he has four mouths to feed"
5. an opening that resembles a mouth (as of a cave or a gorge); "he rode into the mouth of the canyon"; "they built a fire at the mouth of the cave"
6. the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
7. the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
8. articulate silently; form words with the lips only; "She mouthed a swear word"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (人・動物の物を食べたり,音を発する)『口』,口腔 / (口に似た)開口部;(袋・びんなどの)口,(銅穴・峡谷などの)入り口;河口,港口 / …‘を'大げさに口を動かし気どってしゃべる / 〈信じていないこと・理解していないこと〉‘を'口にする / …‘を'口に入れる,かむ,なめる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/18 08:13:17」(JST)

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Oral mucosa
Details
Latin	tunica mucosa oris
Dorlands /Elsevier	t_22/12832012
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth and consists of stratified squamous epithelium termed oral epithelium and an underlying connective tissue termed lamina propria. The oral cavity has sometimes been described as a mirror that reflects the health of the individual. Changes indicative of disease are seen as alterations in the oral mucosa lining the mouth, which can reveal systemic conditions, such as diabetes or vitamin deficiency, or the local effects of chronic tobacco or alcohol use.

Classification

It can be divided into three main categories based on function and histology:

• Masticatory mucosa, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, found on the dorsum of the tongue, hard palate and attached gingiva.
• Lining mucosa, nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, found almost everywhere else in the oral cavity, including the:
  • Buccal mucosa refers to the inside lining of the cheeks and is part of the lining mucosa.
  • Labial mucosa refers to the inside lining of the lips and is part of the lining mucosa.
  • Alveolar mucosa refers to the mucosa between the gums and the buccal/labial mucosa.
• Specialized mucosa, specifically in the regions of the taste buds on lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue that contains nerve endings for general sensory reception and taste perception.

Structure

Schematic illustration of the layers found in keratinized oral mucosa that include a deeper lamina propria and basement membrane in-between and superficial layers of strafied squamous epithelium that include from deepest to most superficial:
1: Stratum basale
2: Stratum spinosum
3: Stratum granulosum

4: Stratum corneum

Oral mucosa consists of two layers, the surface stratified squamous epithelium and the deeper lamina propria. In keratinized oral mucosa, the epithelium consists of four layers:

• Stratum basale (basal layer)
• Stratum spinosum (prickle layer)
• Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
• Stratum corneum (keratinized layer)

In nonkeratinised epithelium, the two deep layers (basale and spinosum) remain the same but the outer layers are termed the intermediate and superficial layers.

Depending on the region of the mouth, the epithelium may be nonkeratinized or keratinized. Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium covers the soft palate, inner lips, inner cheeks, and the floor of the mouth, and ventral surface of the tongue. Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the attached gingiva and hard palate as well as areas of the dorsal surface of the tongue.

Keratinization is the differentiation of keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum into nonvital surface cells or squames to form the stratum corneum. The cells terminally differentiate as they migrate to the surface from the stratum basale where the progenitor cells are located to the superficial surface.

Unlike keratinized epithelium, nonkeratinized epithelium normally has no superficial layers showing keratinization. Nonkeratinized epithelium may, however, readily transform into a keratinizing type in response to frictional or chemical trauma, in which case it undergoes hyperkeratinization.This change to hyperkeratinization commonly occurs on the usually nonkeratinized buccal mucosa when the linea alba forms, a white ridge of calloused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude. Histologically, an excess amount of keratin is noted on the surface of the tissue, and the tissue has all the layers of an orthokeratinized tissue with its granular and keratin layers. In patients who have habits such as clenching or grinding (bruxism) their teeth, a larger area of the buccal mucosa than just the linea alba becomes hyperkeratinized. This larger white, rough, raised lesion needs to be recorded so that changes may be made in the dental treatment plan regarding the patient’s parafunctional habits.

Even keratinized tissue can undergo further level of hyperkeratinization; an increase in the amount of keratin is produced as a result of chronic physical trauma to the region. Changes such as hyperkeratinization are reversible if the source of the injury is removed, but it takes time for the keratin to be shed or lost by the tissue. Thus, to check for malignant changes, a baseline biopsy and microscopic study of any whitened tissue may be indicated, especially if in a high-risk cancer category, such with a history of tobacco or alcohol use or are HPV positive. Hyperkeratinized tissue is also associated with the heat from smoking or hot fluids on the hard palate in the form of nicotinic stomatitis.

The lamina propria is a fibrous connective tissue layer that consists of a network of type I and III collagen and elastin fibers in some regions. The main cells of the lamina propria are the fibroblasts, which are responsible for the production of the fibers as well as the extracellular matrix.

The lamina propria, like all forms of connective tissue proper, has two layers: papillary and dense. The papillary layer is the more superficial layer of the lamina propria. It consists of loose connective tissue within the connective tissue papillae, along with blood vessels and nerve tissue. The tissue has an equal amount of fibers, cells, and intercellular substance. The dense layer is the deeper layer of the lamina propria. It consists of dense connective tissue with a large amount of fibers. Between the papillary layer and the deeper layers of the lamina propria is a capillary plexus, which provides nutrition for the all layers of the mucosa and sends capillaries into the connective tissue papillae.

A submucosa may or may not be present deep to the dense layer of the lamina propria, depending on the region of the oral cavity. If present, the submucosa usually contains loose connective tissue and may also contain adipose tissue or salivary glands, as well as overlying bone or muscle within the oral cavity.

A variable number of Fordyce spots or granules are scattered throughout the non keratinized tissue. These are a normal variant, visible as small, yellowish bumps on the surface of the mucosa. They correspond to deposits of sebum from misplaced sebaceous glands in the submucosa that are usually associated with hair follicles.

A basal lamina (basement membrane without aid of the microscope) is at the interface between the oral epithelium and lamina propria similar to the epidermis and dermis.

Function

• Protection
• Sensation
• Secretion
• Thermal regulation

See also

• Oral mucosa tissue engineering
• Junctional epithelium
• Oral cancer
• Salivary glands
• Basal lamina
• Fibroblast

References

External links

• Histology image: 09601loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University – "Digestive System: Oral Cavity and Teeth – lip, oral mucosa"
• Histology image: 95_04 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center – "Lip"
• Histology image: 95_07 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center – "Lip"
• Common Dental and Oral Mucosal Disorders, Duke University at http://pamodules.mc.duke.edu/Oral_Health/Print.asp?CourseNum=1&LessonNum=3

UpToDate Contents

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• 2. 手足口病とヘルパンギーナ hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina
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• 4. シェーグレン症候群における口内乾燥およびその他の非眼結膜炎症状の治療 treatment of dry mouth and other non ocular sicca symptoms in sjogrens syndrome
• 5. Oral toxicity associated with chemotherapy

English Journal

• Nerve Injury After Surgical Excision of Mandibular Third Molars Under Local Anesthesia: An Audit.

• Ramadorai A, Tay ABG, Vasanthakumar G, Lye WK.
• Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2019 Jun;18(2)307-313.
• Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sustained during surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar may cause paresthesia of the lower lip, chin, lower gingivae and anterior teeth. Lingual nerve (LN) injuries may result in ipsilateral paresthesia of the anterior two thirds of the tongue,
• PMID 30996556

• Impact of Oral Submucous Fibrosis on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.

• Chaudhry K, Bali R, Patnana AK, Bindra S, Jain G, Sharma PP.
• Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2019 Jun;18(2)260-265.
• Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity which presents clinically with burning sensation, leathery consistency of oral mucosa with palpable fibrous bands leading to reduced mouth opening. Though the evaluation of quality of life (QOL) in health care is gaining importan
• PMID 30996549

• Long-term cigarette smoking suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oral mucosal epithelium and attenuates host defense against Candida albicans in a rat model.

• Ye P, Wang X, Ge S, Chen W, Wang W, Han X.
• Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2019 May;113()108597.
• Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are epidemiological risk factors for oral diseases, such as oral leukoplakia (OLK). Smoking-induced inflammation and immune modulation are potentially important mechanisms in the development of diseases, although the biologic
• PMID 30851547

Japanese Journal

• Lesch­-Nyhan症候群患児における自傷行為の対応に苦慮した1例

• 小児歯誌 55(3), 397-402, 2018-07-23
• NAID 130007417997

• 紅斑性カンジダ症への口腔乾燥と義歯のかかわり

• 日本補綴歯科学会誌 10(1), 32-39, 2018
• NAID 130006734039

• 経喉頭ブロックとデクスメデトミジンを用いた意識下経鼻気管支ファイバー挿管の経験

• 日本歯科麻酔学会雑誌 46(1), 43-45, 2018
• NAID 130006313415

Related Links

• Mouth mucosa - definition of Mouth mucosa by Medical dictionary

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• Mouth mucosa - RightDiagnosis.com - Right Diagnosis

Mouth mucosa information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... Introduction: Mouth mucosa Description of Mouth mucosa Mouth mucosa: Lining of the ORAL ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「buccal mucosa」
関連記事	「mouth」

「buccal mucosa」

　　[★]

頬側粘膜、頬粘膜

関

mouth mucosa、oral mucosa

「mouth」

　　[★]

• n.

• 口元、口のあたり、口ぶる(lip)
• (冠詞/定冠詞)口状の物。物の口。河口。(火山の)噴火口。出入口。(くつわをはめた)馬の口。港の入り口、銃口
• (オルガンのパイプにある)細長い穴。(フルートの)唄口、(万力などの)口
• (言葉を発する期間としての)口。言葉、発言。人の口、うわさ
• (食べる口を持つ)人、動物
• ふくれっつら(pout)、渋面(grimace)
• =mouthpiece
• (口で味わう)ワインの品質

• v.

• 言う、発音する

関

oral cavity