関: hemiplegia、infantile hemiplegia、spastic hemiplegia、transient hemiplegia

WordNet

paralysis of a single limb
paralysis of one side of the body (同)unilateral paralysis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/20 23:01:51」(JST)

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In medicine, monoplegia is a paralysis of a single limb, usually an arm. It is frequently associated with cerebral palsy. This is the mildest form of cerebral palsy, and individuals with it generally have a good prognosis for later life. It can also be used if just one muscle group or muscle is affected. It is often thought as hemiplegia with much less involvement of the other limb.

A similar condition is monoparesis, in which one limb is very weak, but not completely paralyzed. For more information, see paresis.

A person with monoplegia can be referred to as a monoplegic. Monoplegia of the upper limb is sometimes referred to as brachial monoplegia while that of the lower limb is called crural monoplegia.

The two leading causes to monoplegia are brachial plexopathy and stroke. The chance of a brachial plexopathy proceeding after a noncardiac surgery is between 0.02% and 0.06%. Perioperative strokes occur at a higher rate of 0.08% to 9.7%. ^[1]

Patients of monoplegia usually feel symptoms of weakness and loss of sensation in an extremity, usually an arm. The extremity with paralysis continues to maintain a strong pulse.

One study found that immediate initiation of a heparin infusion may have helped in the recovery of feeling in the extremity. ^[2]

Monoplegia in the lower extremities is not as common as occurrence as in the arms. This is because the hematomas in the fronto-parital cortex near the middle that could produce a deficit such as this is a very uncommon occurrence. ^[3]

Notes

^ Austin, T., Botta, E., & Sripada, R. (2013). Monoplegia following vascular transposition. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 25(2), 162-164.
^ Austin, T., Botta, E., & Sripada, R. (2013). Monoplegia following vascular transposition. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 25(2), 162-164.
^ Lega, B., Bailer, R., Kramer, D., Heuer, G., Chen, J., & Schuster, J. (2010). Isolated lower extremity monoplegia due to a traumatic intraparenchymal contusion. Brain Injury, 24(10), 123-1235.

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1. 救急外来における急性の筋力低下を訴える成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute weakness in the emergency department
2. ラクナ梗塞 lacunar infarcts
3. 腕を動かさない小児の評価 evaluation of the immobile arm in children
4. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults

English Journal

Gait training of subacute stroke patients using a hybrid assistive limb: a pilot study.

Mizukami M1, Yoshikawa K2, Kawamoto H3, Sano A2, Koseki K2, Asakwa Y1, Iwamoto K1, Nagata H4, Tsurushima H5, Nakai K5, Marushima A5, Sankai Y3, Matsumura A5.
Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology.Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol.2017 Feb;12(2):197-204. Epub 2016 Mar 26.
Purpose To determine whether gait training with a hybrid assistive limb (HAL) as an exoskeleton robotic device was safe and could increase functional mobility and gait ability in subacute stroke patients. Methods The participants were eight patients with post-stroke hemiparesis whose walking impairm
PMID 27017889

Recovery of long-term paresis following resection of WHO grade II gliomas infiltrating the pyramidal pathway.

Martino J1, Caballero H, DE Lucas EM, DA Silva-Freitas R, Velasquez C, Gomez E, Vazquez-Bourgon J, Vázquez-Barquero A.
Journal of neurosurgical sciences.J Neurosurg Sci.2017 Feb;61(1):88-96.
Recent publications had reported high rates of preoperative neurological impairments in WHO grade II gliomas (GIIG) that significantly affect the quality of life. Consequently, one step further in the analysis of surgical outcome in GIIG is to evaluate if surgery is capable to improve preoperative d
PMID 27857035

Effects of non-target leg activation, TMS coil orientation, and limb dominance on lower limb motor cortex excitability.

Smith MC1, Stinear JW2, Alan Barber P3, Stinear CM4.
Brain research.Brain Res.2017 Jan 15;1655:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to examine corticospinal tract integrity after stroke, however, generating motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the lower limb (LL) can be difficult. Previous studies have used activation of the target leg to facilitate MEPs in the LL but this may not be
PMID 27840187