WordNet

dying after bearing fruit only once
a plant that bears fruit once and dies (同)monocarpic plant, monocarpous plant

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/13 16:13:50」(JST)

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Monocarpic plants are those that flower, set seeds and then die. The term was first used by Alphonse de Candolle. Other terms with the same meaning are hapaxanth and semelparous.

The antonym is polycarpic, a plant that flowers and sets seeds many times during its lifetime; the antonym of semelparous is iteroparous. Plants which flower en masse (gregariously) before dying are known as plietesials.

The plant can live a number of years before it will flower. Flowering does not by itself result in the death of the plants but the production of fruits and seeds causes changes within the plants which lead to death. These changes are induced by chemicals that act as hormones, redirecting the resources of the plants from the roots and leaves to the production of fruits and or seeds.

The century plant in the genus Agave, some terrestrial bromeliads of the genus Puya, Tillandsia utriculata, some yuccas, and many bamboos can take 8 to 20 years or in the case of bamboos even over 100 years to bloom and then die. Hawaiian silverswords and their relatives in the genus Wilkesia may take 10–50 years before flowering.

Monocot plant families which contain monocarpic species include Agavaceae, Araceae, Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Musaceae and Poaceae. Dicot plant families which include monocarpic species include Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. Few dicot shrubs with multiple branching and secondary growth species have been described. Those that have include Strobilanthes species, Cerberiopsis candelabrum, Tachigali versicolor and other Tachigali species.^[1]

Often monocarpic plants can be kept alive after flowering if the flowers are removed as soon as they have finished blooming, before seed formation begins, or if the flower buds are removed before they begin blooming.

References

^ Kitajima, Kaoru; Carol K. Augspurger (August 1989). "Seed and Seedling Ecology of a Monocarpic Tropical Tree, Tachigalia Versicolor". Ecology. jstor. 70 (4): 1102–1114. JSTOR 1941379. doi:10.2307/1941379.

English Journal

Patterns of gene flow in Encholirium horridum L.B.Sm., a monocarpic species of Bromeliaceae from Brazil.

Hmeljevski KV1, dos Reis MS2, Forzza RC2.
The Journal of heredity.J Hered.2015 Jan-Feb;106(1):93-101. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esu067. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
Encholirium horridum is a bromeliad that occurs exclusively on inselbergs in the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. These rock outcrops form natural islands that isolate populations from each other. We investigated gene flow by pollen through paternity analyses of a bromeliad population in an area of
PMID 25472982

Changing reproductive effort within a semelparous reproductive episode.

Hughes PW1, Simons AM1.
American journal of botany.Am J Bot.2014 Aug;101(8):1323-31. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1400283.
•PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between current and future reproduction for iteroparous organisms-as individuals age, the expected value of future reproduction declines, and thus reproductive effort is expected to be higher in later clutches than in earlier. In cont
PMID 25156981

Senescence, ageing and death of the whole plant.

Thomas H1.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2013 Feb;197(3):696-711. doi: 10.1111/nph.12047. Epub 2012 Nov 23.
696 I. 697 II. 697 III. 699 IV. 700 V. 703 VI. 704 VII. 707 708 References 708SUMMARY: This review considers the relationship between the lifespan of an individual plant and the longevity of its component cells, tissues and organs. It begins by defining the terms senescence, growth, development, tur
PMID 23176101