関: Ceratitis capitata、medfly

WordNet

travel over (an area of land or sea) in an aircraft; "Lindbergh was the first to fly the Atlantic"
(baseball) a hit that flies up in the air (同)fly_ball
an opening in a garment that is closed by a zipper or by buttons concealed under a fold of cloth (同)fly front
fishermans lure consisting of a fishhook decorated to look like an insect
two-winged insects characterized by active flight
operate an airplane; "The pilot flew to Cuba" (同)aviate, pilot
pass away rapidly; "Time flies like an arrow"; "Time fleeing beneath him" (同)fell, vanish
travel through the air; be airborne; "Man cannot fly" (同)wing
(British informal) not to be deceived or hoodwinked
be dispersed or disseminated; "Rumors and accusations are flying"
cause to fly or float; "fly a kite"
change quickly from one emotional state to another; "fly into a rage"
display in the air or cause to float; "fly a kite"; "All nations fly their flags in front of the U.N."
hit a fly
move quickly or suddenly; "He flew about the place"
transport by aeroplane; "We fly flowers from the Caribbean to North America"
travel in an airplane; "she is flying to Cincinnati tonight"; "Are we driving or flying?"
throw with force or recklessness; "fling the frisbee"
the act of flinging
move in an abrupt or headlong manner; "He flung himself onto the sofa"
cause to bear fruit
the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
the consequence of some effort or action; "he lived long enough to see the fruit of his policies"
bear fruit; "the trees fruited early this year"
of or relating to or characteristic of or located near the Mediterranean Sea; "Mediterranean countries"
the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia (同)Mediterranean_Sea
hurried and brief; "paid a flying visit"; "took a flying glance at the book"; "a quick inspection"; "a fast visit" (同)quick, fast

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈鳥などが〉『飛ぶ』 / 〈人が〉『飛行機で飛ぶ』,飛行する;〈飛行機などが〉飛ぶ / (風などで)〈物が〉空中を飛ぶ / (風に)〈旗・髪などが〉ひるがえる,なびく / 《副詞[句]を伴なって》『飛ぶように動く』(走る) / (ある状態・位置から)急に(…に)なる《+『形』〈補〉》;ぱっと(…)する《+『into』+『名』》 / (野球で)フライを打つ;〈ボールが〉フライになる / 《話》急いで立ち去る / 逃げる / (空中に)〈たこ・鳥など〉‘を'『飛ばす』 / 〈旗〉を揚げる,翻す / 〈飛行機など〉‘を'飛ばす,操縦する / (人・物が)…‘を'飛行機で飛ぶ / 〈飛行便〉‘を'利用する / 〈人・物〉‘を'空輸する / ボタン隠し,ファスナー隠し(服のボタンやファスナーを隠す布) / (野球の)飛球,フライ(=fly ball) / (テントの入口の)垂れ幕 / 飛行,飛ぶこと
『ハエ』;ハエと同類の昆虫 / (釣りに用いる)蚊針,毛針
抜け目のない,はしこい
《副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『投げる』,ほうり出す / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈頭・腕・身体など〉‘を'投げかける,投げるように動かす / (ほうり出すように)急に(荒々しく)動く / (…を)『振って投げること』;振り動かすこと《+『of』+『名』》 / (定期間の)したいほうだい,かって気まま / 身ぶりの活発なスコットランドのダンス
〈U〉〈C〉『果物』,(植物の)実,果実 / 《複数形で》『農作物』(果物・穀物・野菜など) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『成果』,結果 / 実を結ぶ
=Mediterranean Sea / 地中海地方 / 『地中海の』;地中海地方[の住民]特有の
飛ぶ,飛行する / ひらひらする,翻る:flying flags翻る旗 / 飛ぶように速い / 《名詞の前のみの用いて》大急ぎの / 飛ぶこと,飛行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/07 15:03:12」(JST)

wiki en

Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, or medfly for short, is a species of fruit fly capable of causing extensive damage to a wide range of fruit crops. It is native to the Mediterranean area, but has spread invasively to many parts of the world, including Australasia and North and South America.

Life cycle

Larva of the medfly

Adult medflies lay their eggs under the skins of fruit, particularly where the skin is already broken. The eggs hatch within three days, and the larvae develop inside the fruit. The adults have a limited ability to disperse, but the global fruit trade can transport infected fruit over thousands of miles.

Adult of the medfly

Distribution

The Geographic Distribution Map of Ceratitis capitata (Updated December 2013).

This updated map provides information on the distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, throughout the world. The information is mainly based on available Mediterranean fruit fly national surveillance reports. Therefore, the map displays assessments of the presence of this pest at the national level and in some cases at sub-national levels.

Invasions

In the United States, C. capitata has invaded four states (Hawaii, California, Texas and Florida), but has been eradicated from all but Hawaii. Reintroduced populations of the medfly have been spotted in California as recently as mid September 2009, requiring additional eradication and quarantine efforts.^[1] It has also been eradicated from New Zealand and Chile.

California medfly crisis

Much research has been dedicated to means of controlling the medfly. In particular, use of the sterile insect technique has allowed the species to be eradicated from several areas.

In 1981, California Governor Jerry Brown, who had established a reputation as a strong environmentalist, was confronted with a serious medfly infestation in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was advised by the state's agricultural industry, and the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection service (APHIS), to authorize airborne spraying of the region. Initially, in accordance with his environmental protection stance, he chose to authorize ground-level spraying only. Unfortunately, the infestation spread as the medfly reproductive cycle out-paced the spraying. After more than a month, millions of dollars of crops had been destroyed and billions of dollars more were threatened. Governor Brown then authorized a massive response to the infestation. Fleets of helicopters sprayed malathion at night, and the California National Guard set up highway checkpoints and collected many tons of local fruit. In the final stage of the campaign, entomologists released millions of sterile male medflies in an attempt to disrupt the insects' reproductive cycle.

Ultimately the infestation was eradicated, but both the Governor's delay and the scale of the action has remained controversial ever since. Some people claimed that malathion was toxic to humans, as well as insects. In response to such concerns, Brown's chief of staff, B. T. Collins, staged a news conference during which he publicly drank a small glass of malathion. Many people complained that, while the malathion may not have been very toxic to humans, the aerosol spray containing it was corrosive to car paint.

During the week of September 9, 2007, adult flies and their larvae were found in Dixon, California. The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) and cooperating county and federal agricultural officials started eradication and quarantine efforts in the area. Eradication was declared on August 8, 2008, when no "wild" (i.e. non-sterile) medflies were detected for three generations.

On November 14, 2008, four adult flies were found in El Cajon, California. The San Diego County Agricultural Commission implemented a treatment plan, including distributing millions of sterile male flies, local produce quarantines, and ground spraying with organic pesticides.^[2]

Australia

In 2011, Japan banned imports of blueberries from Australia, because of "concerns they might be contaminated with Mediterranean fruit fly".^[3]

References

^ "County planning quarantine after Medfly discovery in Escondido". September 16, 2009.
^ Susan Shroder (November 14, 2008). "Medfly treatment begins In El Cajon". San Diego Union-Tribune.
^ "Japan import ban threatens Australian blueberry farmers". September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ceratitis capitata.

University of Hawaii. "Crop Knowledge Master".
"Global Invasive Species Database".
The 1981 California Medfly Panic
CISR Summary on Mediterranean Fruit Fly
Species Profile - Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Mediterranean fruit fly.
Tephritid Workers Database
Find TWD News on Facebook
www.moscamed-guatemala.org.gt

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English Journal

A PCR-based diagnostic assay for detecting DNA of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, in the gut of soil-living arthropods.

Rejili M1, Fernandes T1, Dinis AM2, Pereira JA2, Baptista P2, Santos SA2, Lino-Neto T1.
Bulletin of entomological research.Bull Entomol Res.2016 Oct;106(5):695-9. doi: 10.1017/S000748531600050X. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered the most devastating pest of the olive tree worldwide. In an effort to develop management and biological control strategies against this pest, new molecular tools are urgently needed. In this study, we present the design of B. oleae-speci
PMID 27296773

The whole genome sequence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), reveals insights into the biology and adaptive evolution of a highly invasive pest species.

Papanicolaou A1, Schetelig MF2, Arensburger P3, Atkinson PW4,5, Benoit JB6, Bourtzis K7,8, Castañera P9, Cavanaugh JP6, Chao H10, Childers C11, Curril I12, Dinh H10, Doddapaneni H10, Dolan A13, Dugan S10, Friedrich M14, Gasperi G15, Geib S16, Georgakilas G17, Gibbs RA10, Giers SD18, Gomulski LM15, González-Guzmán M9, Guillem-Amat A9, Han Y10, Hatzigeorgiou AG17, Hernández-Crespo P9, Hughes DS10, Jones JW19, Karagkouni D17, Koskinioti P20, Lee SL10, Malacrida AR15, Manni M15, Mathiopoulos K20, Meccariello A21, Murali SC10, Murphy TD22, Muzny DM10, Oberhofer G12, Ortego F9, Paraskevopoulou MD17, Poelchau M11, Qu J10, Reczko M23, Robertson HM18, Rosendale AJ6, Rosselot AE6, Saccone G21, Salvemini M21, Savini G15, Schreiner P5, Scolari F15, Siciliano P15, Sim SB16, Tsiamis G8, Ureña E9, Vlachos IS17, Werren JH13, Wimmer EA12, Worley KC10, Zacharopoulou A24, Richards S10, Handler AM25.
Genome biology.Genome Biol.2016 Sep 22;17(1):192.
BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a major destructive insect pest due to its broad host range, which includes hundreds of fruits and vegetables. It exhibits a unique ability to invade and adapt to ecological niches throughout tropical and subtropical regions of
PMID 27659211

Host plant range of a fruit fly community (Diptera: Tephritidae): does fruit composition influence larval performance?

Hafsi A1,2, Facon B1,3, Ravigné V1, Chiroleu F1, Quilici S1, Chermiti B2, Duyck PF4,5.
BMC ecology.BMC Ecol.2016 Sep 20;16(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12898-016-0094-8.
BACKGROUND: Phytophagous insects differ in their degree of specialisation on host plants, and range from strictly monophagous species that can develop on only one host plant to extremely polyphagous species that can develop on hundreds of plant species in many families. Nutritional compounds in host
PMID 27650549

Japanese Journal

"Spinosad bait treatments as alternative to malathion to control the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Mediterranean Basin."

Journal of Pesticide Science 34(1), 43-43, 2009
NAID 130004445139

地中海沿岸のチチュウカイミバエ防除を目的とするマラチオン代替としてのスピノサドベイト剤

Journal of pesticide science 32(4), 407-411, 2007-11-20
NAID 110006452940

地中海沿岸のチチュウカイミバエ防除を目的とするマラチオン代替としてのスピノサドベイト剤

Journal of pesticide science = 日本農薬学会誌 32(4), 407-411, 2007-11-20
NAID 10020032385

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Ceratitis capitata」「チチュウカイミバエ」「medfly」
関連記事	「fly」「fruit」「fruit fly」「Mediterranean」

「Ceratitis capitata」

External identifiers for Ceratitis capitata
Encyclopedia of Life	723951
ITIS	143196
NCBI	7213
	Also found in: Wikispecies

Ceratitis capitata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Tephritidae
Genus:	Ceratitis
Species:	C. capitata
Binomial name
	Ceratitis capitata; (Wiedemann, 1824)
	Ceratitis capitata range
Synonyms
	Ceratitis citripeda Efflatoun, 1924; Ceratitis citriperda Macleay, 1829; Ceratitis hispanica Breme, 1842; Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi, 1924; Tephritis capitata Wiedemann, 1824; Trypeta capitata (Wiedemann, 1824);